| 词汇 | example_english_surface-tension |
| 释义 | Examples of surface tensionThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. We will consider surfacetension as the only driving mechanism. The current concern is with two main aspects, namely surfacetension and post-impact phenomena. In both cases, there was premature foaming, lowered surfacetension and elevated rhamnolipid levels. We outline the theory for the former, in the case where surfacetension effects at the moving boundary are ignored. The relative surfacetension is m = 0.5 and therefore /6 = 0.083. This solution is analysed in the limit of small surfacetension. Five separate readings of surfacetension were taken during each experiment and an average value obtained. We have already noted the marked effect, shown in figures 4, 10, and 15, of differing viscosities in the absence of surfacetension. With finite surfacetension, we observed the onset of numerical instabilities of the sawtooth type. However, a t this value of surfacetension, there is no dimpling of the rising drop. The fluid is assumed to be ideal and surfacetension is ignored. As in the previous section, we have investigated the effect of surfacetension on a single case. They find by perturbing about infinite adsorption rate that there is a decrease in the film thickness due to surfacetension gradient. The non-uniqueness in case 3 is not avoided by taking surfacetension into consideration. The spreading on a water-air interface of a thin liquid film is examined for the situation in which surfacetension gradients drive the motion. Error estimates concerning the influence of the surfacetension have, therefore, to be based on these conditions. Short sections on particular problems are also included, among them the effects of viscosity and surfacetension. For this reason we neglect surfacetension effects which stabilize shortwavelength disturbances, until 5, where we consider the stability of the current. The above discussion has assumed the dominance of surfacetension, but other factors which can influence bifurcation should be considered. However, the effect of surfacetension is important in these experiments because of the small size of the model tested. Steady motion takes place in the channel under the action of liquid head and surfacetension variation. A number of experiments have been conducted to study the effect of the different parameters such as viscosity, surfacetension, jet velocity, and nozzle diameter. This thread is drawn into the main droplets by surfacetension forces. While viscosity is not easily incorporated into our model, surfacetension is. Far from the wavemaker the effect of surfacetension becomes less important. He showed that, to leading order, the shape of the ridge is given by a quasi-steady balance between gravity and surfacetension. Then after very long time, when the oil layer is very thin, possibly molecularly thin, surfacetension replaces gravity as the driving agent. The various forces involved in the breakup process are inertial, surfacetension, aerodynamic, centrifugal, and viscous. Because of this qualitative agreement we feel that neglecting surfacetension is justified for the case when inertial and gravitational forces predominate. However, due to surfacetension the resulting observed disturbance of the front appears as a wavepacket, formed of an indentation separating two bumps (figure 14a). The effect of surfacetension at the interface of the two fluids is included in the formulation of the problem. Some further extensions are given herein which allow for drops which may be deformed by the flow and include the effect of surfacetension. We find that for zero or moderate surfacetension the speed at which a drop or plume rises increases algebraically with time. Experiments with doubly driven film flow, in which gravitational and surfacetension gradient stresses are competing, have uncovered some new phenomena. The size of the drop is virtually independent of surfacetension. This means that surfacetension, though small, should be included in the models of downflowing films to ensure regular behaviour. When surfacetension was equal to zero, the computations proceeded smoothly. Molecular weight dependence of the surfacetension of aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) solutions. These encapsulate information about the surface-tension-driven flow that can be used in the hyperbolic conservation law representing the limit of vanishing surfacetension. The order of the parameters motivates us to consider inviscid flow with heat convection and conduction, neglecting viscous boundary layers, surfacetension and gravity. This will allow the pressure force difference across the liquid-gas interface to be exactly balanced by the surfacetension force as required. The second term represents the stabilizing effect of surfacetension, smoothing out noise. The variation of surfacetension along the interface of a fluid gives rise to tangential stresseswhich effect the motion of the fluid. A candidate might be the variation of agar surfacetension along the envelope due to some surfactant secreted by the bacteria. This last result is less surprising when one recalls the behaviour of a spherical bubble acted on by an internal pressure and surfacetension forces. The resulting surfacetension gradient is responsible for accelerating the free surface. A certain amount of mechanical energy is thus used to create the droplets, and is consequently stored as surfacetension energy. The origin of the forces driving convection depends upon the depth of the fluid, with surfacetension forces dominating in sufficiently thin layers. He considered the effect of surfacetension forces in the absence of gravity. If the second term dominates we have, at least to leading order, motion of the free surface under surfacetension subject to a volume constraint. Thus, it is probable that surfacetension effects have important implications for solutions of this kind. Inclusion of the surfacetension terms adds a fourth-order (diffusion-type) term to this equation, which must then be solved numerically. We did not include surfacetension in the evolution equations in this paper, but it would not be difficult to do so. Analytical support for this inference, which we repeat is in the absence of surfacetension, is considered below. The time reversed suction problem then models what is observed numerically with non-zero surfacetension. In the presence of surfacetension, it is possible to prove well-posedness with no further restrictions on the data. We restrict attention to a thin film being driven up a solid flat surface by a gradient in surfacetension. In their analyses, the effect of small surfacetension is to produce some ' daughter singularities ' in a certain complex plane. In this we have not considered the effect of surfacetension. We consider the effect of surfacetension on the boundary. Considering the effective value of the surfacetension coefficient, ye, to be unknown, then it is a simple matter to determine this quantity by experiment. In the presence of only a small amount of surfacetension, r = 0.05, slight dimpling does occur, as shown in figure 19. Our objective is to present a coherent parametric investigation delineating the effects of viscosity ratio, surfacetension, and layer thickness. The capillary-wave pattern produced by surfacetension is also considered. At small scales, however, the scale invariance of the inviscid model is broken by either viscosity or surfacetension. Their analysis revealed that, in the absence of surfacetension, the drop is unstable to infinitesimal perturbations. It is shown that in the absence of surfacetension, a moving spherical drop is unstable. Proceeding, we examine the effect of surfacetension. The lower stream is denser and there is surfacetension between the streams. If the effect of surface-active contaminant is to be correctly assessed, the variation of surfacetension along the interface must be modelled. The mechanism involves a larger surfacetension and a lower surfactant concentration in the flat film region than the cap region. This selection of the solution = 0.5 by surfacetension acting at the tip is strongly supported by experiments. However, in many cases the surfacetension is not large. These two properties imply that the system has some tendency to be self-regularized due to viscosity even in the absence of surfacetension. He claims that viscous effects would stabilize any cross-flow variations in the thickness of the sheet, so surfacetension must be taken into account. For each solution, the surfacetension and electrical conductivity were measured. The shape of the liquid/gas interface of a weld pool is determined by the balance of gravitational and surfacetension forces. In any case, the existence of the surfacetension of water actually requires the presence of tearing forces. Insisting that folding capillarity holds at high nativeness results in configurations having anomalously high surfacetension. The growing differences in internal pressure between the ends and the middle reduce the efficiency of the surfacetension as the length becomes large. For consistent and realistic results, surfacetension should be considered near the contact line. At a given time, surfacetension also decreases the contact-line elevation. Such an approach allows for dealing with any kind of interfaces including those between viscous fluids and with surfacetension. He showed that in the absence of viscosity and surfacetension all small surface irregularities are unstable and grow in time. On the other hand the length of the drop is determined by the balance of stretching by the flow with shrinking by surfacetension. These wiggles are suppressed in the presence of surfacetension, in which case the static contact angle (90" in this case) is retained. Generally, the surface motion created by vortical flow results in an uneven distribution of the contaminants and thus non-uniform surfacetension. In the absence of surfacetension, = 0, all wavelengths are unstable. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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