| 词汇 | example_english_stock-market |
| 释义 | Examples of stock marketThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The stockmarket is the home not just of paper assets but of self-fulfilling prophecies and crowd panics. The alternative is that the stockmarket offers ' something for nothing ' to long-term investors. His results, however, come from the fixed cost of participating in the stockmarket. For example, when men win lotteries or earn millions on the stockmarket, their mating opportunities surely increase. This is, of course, an operational advantage : after all bygones are bygones and stockmarket opportunities cannot be exploited retrospectively. Firm presidents with finance backgrounds were more likely to head profitable firms that have high stockmarket evaluations. Negative autocorrelation in long-run stockmarket returns means that longterm investors could engage in profitable market timing by switching between equities and bonds. Although a stockmarket had existed since the end of the 1890s, it was dominated by small businessmen and was relatively undeveloped. Our simulation suggest that past asset prices may have a significant impact on stockmarket dynamics. Stockmarket quotes on the radio mean nothing to those who do not know or care about them and are unlikely to be remembered. The countries with the best prospects for growth do not provide the best stockmarket returns. Thus, particles are patterns in the quantum field; humans are patterns in the particles; stockmarket crashes are patterns in the people; and so on. Do you believe that that phenomenon is going on now, or do you believe that current stockmarket valuations are consistent with the fundamentals? There is also a small but growing stockmarket that provides an alternative channel for private savings. Why was there all this study about the stockmarket and not of real estate? He shows how this theory applies to the study of investment and the stockmarket. Some of the decisions described in the book are potentially consequential, such as investing in the stockmarket, choosing a mate, and investing in children. If the secondary market lists only a small proportion of domestic companies, it is unlikely that the stockmarket will react strongly to government change. But as it happens, if the stockmarket goes down the buyer will not have sufficient funds to buy the drugs. The new regulation allows for free resources transfer among the different segments - from stockmarket to fixedincome funds, for instance. They conclude that every movement in the stockmarket must have a rational foundation. A significant stockmarket downturn can exhaust the reserves of pension funds and reduce their cover ratios. One possible concern with the analysis is that it is based upon a relatively strong period of stockmarket performance. This, in concert with a strong stockmarket, pushed many plans well beyond full funding. The simultaneous collapse of the stockmarket, and interest rates pushed many plans into underfunded status. Given the size of pension funds, such behavior can have an undesirable effect on the stockmarket. The second is that the critical assumptions of stationarity and ergodicity are questionable for stockmarket data in either levels or logs. Why does stockmarket volatility change over time? Thirty-six topics, each given two pages, cover statistics, recruitment, advertising and the stockmarket. This is true both for measures of banking activity, and for measures of stockmarket development. I thought that the stockmarket might be an even better example of excess volatility. How can a genealogy-based notion of identity be so easily supplanted by the values implied by the increasingly fluid relations of the stockmarket? In addition, it is doubtful that the behaviour of stockmarket returns has remained constant over this long period. Ultimately, forecasts of excess returns can be obtained from forecasts of the mean and volatility of the stockmarket index. In the artificial stockmarket setup, agents' subjective expectational modes are represented by sets of rules that map states into forecasts. The growth of the aggregate stockmarket capitalization was not confined to market-based countries and is not a recent phenomenon. Regulation of advice-giving will not guard pension scheme participants against falling annuity rates or stockmarket crashes. Thus, when the stockmarket plunged, bank capital ratios were also severely affected. For publicly traded firms, the stockmarket will function as an indicator of whether the management is perceived to maximize the value of the firm. The type 2's cannot borrow against future social security benefits in order to invest privately in the stockmarket. The decline in the stockmarket and an ageing population imply that contributions would double from their current level. The stockmarket capitalization controls for the relative importance of alternative sources to banking finance and is expected to be positively correlated with industrial growth. One major result of this critical post-war capital movement by a restless public was the rebounding of a troubled stockmarket. Does the stockmarket rationally reflect fundamental values? The empirical literature finds a positive relation between pension funds and stockmarket development. However, econometric results suggest that pension reforms lead to stockmarket development, but do not allow us to identify and separate the corporate governance channel. This mitigates the problem of the domestic stockmarket reacting to international changes; it does not eliminate it. We find that the price of the marketwide risk varies across stockmarket phases and business-cycle states. Another advantage to the stockmarket was that one could get a lot of data. Claims to the profits from the corporate sector are assumed to be traded on a stockmarket. Not surprisingly, stockmarket returns are negatively related to the black market premium and inflation at the 5% and 1% levels, respectively. Alternatively, the results can also be interpreted as the outcome of a model with restricted stockmarket participation. The application consists of several deliberative agents for monitoring the stockmarket and performing actions based on the retrieved information. There is some evidence that pension funds lead to stockmarket development. Section 3 reviews the literature and puts the corporate governance role of pension funds into the broader context of pension reforms and stockmarket development. By 1998 a rising stockmarket apparently lowered the level of underfunding to $49 billion. It was hoped that the dilution of state control would improve corporate management, strengthen the stockmarket, and led to additional inflows of foreign investment. Furthermore, the authors propose to run historical projections for difficult years such as the year 2002 with a big stockmarket slump. The stockmarket immediately rallied with a 10 % price gain. For example, after a stockmarket crash, investment would switch into equities from other assets. When the standard deviation of stockmarket returns is excluded, however, revolutions and coups enter with the usual negative sign. In sum, the evidence so far suggests that pension fund growth leads to stockmarket development. For example, consider a number of news reports about companies listed on the stockmarket that reveal a significant fall in sales. The biggest growth has been in the number of private nursery chains, some of which have been floated on the stockmarket. Millions of people lost some or all of their money in the stockmarket. Thus, agents have higher demand to use the stockmarket to smooth their consumption. Among other things, this would suggest that models with restricted stockmarket participation seem to be good candidates to obtain more realistic asset return moments. Of these, the changing forecasts of real stock returns were by far the most important factor in explaining stockmarket volatility. After going public that we thought the stockmarket might be too high, there were several years when the market kept going higher. The currency markets, independent monetary policy and the stockmarket all provide discipline for the state. Firms are separate legal entities whose ownership is transferred through the sale of equity in the stockmarket. However, the relationship between interest rates and stockmarket returns is not subject to these long-run competitive forces. In these circumstance most long-term investors will engage in large-scale borrowing, and use the funds raised for stockmarket speculation. The stockmarket risk contributes 45 basis points per annum to the risk premium of a bond linked to the nominal wage index. Moreover, the quality of information about the firms listed is standardized on a stockmarket and inspected by the regulatory authorities. Scholars are increasingly interested in how politics affects stockmarket prices. Success was cumulative, while stockmarket valuations climbed and the cost of debt fell. The stockmarket has started operations with selling of shares for two enrolled companies. The stockmarket plummeted by 25-30 % in the four months following the announcement of the new policy. I model inflation as deterministic, when it is in fact another stochastic variable correlated with wages and stockmarket returns. It got a little sniff of easing and the stockmarket took off, the bond market took off. For individual stocks there is an argument in favour of mean reversion, that does not apply to the stockmarket as a whole. When the stockmarket tumbled beginning in 2000, what had been a large aggregate asset became a net liability that persisted through 2005. Managers' actions were constrained by the short-term, earnings orientation of stockmarket investors, portfolio managers, and analysts. In contrast to the symmetric costs assumed in the stockmarket, transactions costs in the bond market are assumed to fall disproportionately on borrowers. But even without the decline in the stockmarket, sponsors of defined benefit plans were going to face increased pension contributions in the coming decade. The retirees in this sample were shielded from the effects of the stockmarket decline and low bond rates in a substantial part of the study period. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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