| 词汇 | example_english_stem-cell |
| 释义 | Examples of stem cellThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Embryonic stemcell lines derived from human blastocysts. Structure of the active core of human stemcell factor and analysis of binding to its receptor kit. A challenge in responding to such requests is in determining the comparative benefits and risks of different stemcell transplant methods. Examples of cell signalling pathways implicated in adult stemcell ageing. Integration of proliferation versus differentiation signals that regulate trophoblast stemcell fate. Her own place in the controversy having settled down, we asked her to give us her story and perspectives on the stemcell issue. Evolutionarily conserved developmental signaling pathways active in germinal and neuronal stemcell proliferation and differentiation in drosophila and mammalian development are implicated in mammary tumorigenesis. The cells of all tissues in the resulting chimeric mice consisted of mixtures o f the two types of cells, including the stemcell population. Effect of timing of oocyte activation on rat cloning using neural stemcell nuclei (abstract). A permanent monogamic mating schedule started 43 days after treatment to recover offspring derived from treated stemcell spermatogonia. As the above analysis has shown, the abundant use of therapeutic arguments to justify human embryonic stemcell research lacks empirical foundation. Although the group condemned human reproductive cloning, they found acceptable the cloning of human embryos for stemcell research. These cycles of growth are thought to rely on the presence of a mammary stemcell population. These early studies are pointing the way to a bright future for ageing research and stemcell biology. Transplantation of limiting dilution numbers of stem cells in a competitive repopulating assay allows a quantitation of the stem-cell-repopulating unit present in a transplanted population. Novel elements of the phenotype suggest that compromised stemcell function has an important role in the aetiology and severity of both diseases. An embryonic stemcell line is derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst. The introduction of new methods for fetal diagnostics or stemcell therapy has resulted in a change in law in many countries. With this issue there are also, however, political reasons to have a law on stemcell research. It is not known whether the transferred nucleus was from a differentiated mammary gland cell or from a stemcell. However, this mechanism of stemcell division does not account for the expansion of stem cells following tissue damage. It appears that some of these cells originate from tumour genesis (supporting the stemcell hypothesis) while others are attracted by the tumours. It now appears that these relationships might hold true both in vitro and in vivo and, significantly, might include stemcell populations. The daughters of these cells fuse into the overlying syncytium, while the parent cells retain their stemcell phenotype. A careful examination of human stemcell number and quality is therefore required. Until now, most studies on stemcell transplantation have focused on the transplant procedure itself. Previous studies of stemcell transplantation have included only the charges for donated units (19). Haematopoietic stemcell transplantation from a fully matched donor offers the possibility of cure. Currently, haematopoietic stemcell transplantation is the only curative modality. Conditioning is performed immediately before stemcell reinfusion. Limited data are available in other stemcell systems, such as epithelial stem cells, neural stem cells, satellite cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Each individual stemcell type should be properly assessed, possibly by more than one method. The world of the stemcell debate and genetics, for instance, becomes very technologically attractive, with all its allure and glamour. Putative epithelial stemcell loss corresponds with mammary growth senescence. Overall, these observations support the idea that the cancer stemcell model may imply important therapeutic consequences, indicating new targets for pharmacological compounds or immunotherapy. Regulating the choice between neural stemcell maintenance versus differentiation determines growth and size of the developing brain. Furthermore, the glioblast does not divide like a stemcell but forms two daughter cells of equal size and shape. A better understanding of the molecular basis of stemcell ageing will uncover novel molecules capable of extending tissue survival and repair. Differentiation of embryonic stemcell lines generated from adult somatic cells by nuclear transfer. In vitro assays may be predictive of changes in the transient amplifying population rather than the stemcell population. A putative stemcell population is enriched for steroid receptor positive cells. A putative human breast stemcell population is enriched for steroid receptor-positive cells. People look toward embryonic stemcell research as possibly giving new hope to patients whose failing organs can be restored or replaced. To explain this correlation, the function of cell adhesion molecules cadherins in the regulation of neural stemcell division needs to be investigated. The science and ethics of making part-human animals in stemcell biology. Patients who have undergone stemcell transplantation require several weeks to months to regenerate a fully functional immune system. But, like stemcell research, nontherapeutic brain research is justified on utilitarian grounds that future patients will eventually benefit from newly discovered therapies. We are on the brink of new successes and advances using genetic technolog y, gene therapies, transplantation, embryonic stemcell research, even human cloning. It does, however, also suffer from another problem caused by the embryonic state of present stemcell research. The primary function of this transit population is to increase the number of mature cells produced by each stemcell division. Using animal eggs, oocytes grown in the laboratory, or stemcell derived eggs would avoid the problem of egg shortage entirely. More-detailed studies employing prospective isolation and clonal marking are required to define the precise lineage progression of these stemcell populations. Moreover, the microenvironment itself is likely to be derived from a stemcell population that undergoes ageing. However, this is not incompatible with the idea of an intrinsic change of the stemcell properties with age. Together, these data establish the relationship between senescence pathways and stemcell self-renewal. Further studies are required to ascertain the impact of stemcell ageing in physiological conditions as opposed to conditions of stress only. Definitive proof of this model will rely on transplantation studies with single cells, and will likely require the identification of stemcell markers. Steroid receptor-positive cells were found to co-express these stemcell markers together with cytokeratin 19, another putative stem cell marker in the breast. Disruption of this signaling may abrogate maintenance of the stemcell niche and lead to preneoplastic conditions. In adult tissues this signaling is retained, is regulated by stemcell niches and operates to create new tissue and maintain tissue form and integrity. This well-known remark seems appropriate to sum up the results of the stemcell controversy so far. The ability of stem cells to retain dye or labels has proved a useful tool for analysing the epidermal stemcell compartment. We report here that glioblastomas contain a heterogeneous population of cells with respect to the expression of stemcell and differentiation markers. The field of stemcell transplantation continues to evolve rapidly. A fourth factor that will influence stemcell availability is the time from search to transplant. Remodeling changes in embryonic and embryonic stemcell nuclei after cell fusion with chemically enucleated mouse oocytes: an autoradiography and ultrastructural study. One of those hurdles, according to some stemcell scientists, is research involving the creation of part-human chimeras. Participants varied in their experiences of the stemcell transplant. With reference to the debate on stemcell research, the argument from symbolic value to moral value encompasses a wide spectrum of views. But it is not just stemcell research, of course. The public presentation of the benefits of stemcell research has often been characterized by the promise of huge and immediate benefits. A right to reproductive liberty cannot, for instance, in itself support a permission to use embryos for nonreproductionrelated purposes, such as stemcell research! The ethical aspects of human stemcell research raise a wide variety of controversial and important issues. The burning parallel today is the challenge of stemcell research, cloning, and chromosome-gene manipulation. Such topics as embryonic stemcell research, therapeutic cloning, germ line gene therapy, genetic enhancement, and xenotransplantation all raise ethical issues worth careful exploration. Indeed, an essential feature of tumor growth is dysregulated self-renewal suggesting remarkable parallels between tumor and stemcell biology. Mutation of a stemcell is not the only mechanism for carcinogenesis. There have been several recent publications that have shed light on stem/progenitor cells through the identification of putative mammary stemcell markers. The possible policy responses to stemcell research also raise a number of other consistency issues that will not be discussed in detail here. I then look at the arguments showing that the derivation and use of stem cells are problematic (anti - stemcell arguments). These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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