| 词汇 | example_english_statute |
| 释义 | Examples of statuteThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Much of the documentation of this company was destroyed in a sixteenth-century fire, but there exists a copy of their reformed statutes, adopted in 1488. At present the only certainty is that privatization statutes were applied unevenly, over the course of decades, with inconsistent results. As a matter of fact, statutes unaffected by foreign influence in one way or another probably form the exception rather than the rule. In principle statutes might be limited by the natural law; but in effect they were supreme. Various early works are accorded particular standing by virtue of the absence of statutes or other written sources covering a particular area. Enforcement of the opium statutes and rules followed a similar balanced approach. The authorities had compounded their unpopularity among radicals by appearing to draw back from reform after publishing the emancipation statutes. Judges defer to legislators when the will of the latter is clearly expressed in statutes that have been enacted in the procedurally correct way. Here the legislature, ex hypothesi, is acting within its constitutional powers and so, in that sense, its statutes are supreme. The plaintiffs knew what the statutes required of school systems but had a different idea about what the law required. Finally, social salience theory can support a story that gives maximum credence to the idea that statutes are useful things for societies. However, this move effectively denies the possibility of literalist misunderstanding of statutes, and therein lies the problem. Nonetheless, semantic realism applied to statutes has a certain appeal. However, there is still no room for the possibility of literalist misunderstanding of statutes. Legislative supremacy is unhelpful because the alternative to judicial invalidation of statutes is judicial r ulemaking. He consolidated and clarified a host of statutes, abolished obsolete offences, made significant procedural changes, and introduced a professional police force. They are also drawn from a variety of source material: poetry, statutes and ordinances, chronicles, account books. Since these statutes were enacted, scholars and activists have argued over their political effects. State and federal statutes disagreed on which categories of property were exempt from privatization. Monarchical approbation of statutes of admission of noble consortia had not been customary. Many of the people who apply statutes in everyday life rely on glosses of statutory provisions rather than statutory provisions themselves. In such cases, studies that focus exclusively on party statutes or formal leadership bodies run the risk of missing the ' meat ' of the party. They do not appear in party statutes, are rarely registered with local party authorities, and maintain near-total autonomy from the party bureaucracy. A second reason cautions against generalizing too much from an examination of statutes to the application of all directives, even all durable directives. The presence of the state is only too apparent in all these statutes. The studies have not attempted any careful inquiry into the circumstances that produced the statutes that judges ruled upon. The major statutes and court cases have been combed through by legal specialists from a dozen different angles. The number of capital statutes ballooned in the eighteenth century to over 200. Further, discussions on the paragone were forbidden in the statutes of the academia. An even more curious observation of the statutes records that the paragone conflict pertained only to painting and sculpture and architecture was omitted. Several statutes have been interpreted to restrict the ability of regulators to consider benefits and costs. When highly constrained federal regulators delegate implementation authority to states, they are likely to require them to adhere to the detailed requirements of federal statutes. There is no case law on point, but federal and state antidiscrimination statutes may apply. Problems of water pollution and waste disposal were repeatedly addressed in municipal statutes. Many statutes are adopted to promote the collective welfare, and cr ucial borderline decisions do not involve morality in any ordinar y sense. A facial challenge calls for the statute's invalidation. In the version now prevalent, however, the r ule states that courts should interpret statutes to avoid constitutional questions. Conversely, policies that impose burdens, such as regulatory statutes, can inspire those affected to organize themselves politically to seek reforms. A clear-statement approach will not of course prevent the legislature from adopting statutes that do threaten fundamental human rights. The first dispute concerned the doctrine of equitable constr uction, which authorizes a court in limited circumstances to depart from the clear language of statutes. More might be filed, but probably only a few more, because the statutes of limitations in the various states are rapidly expiring for potential plaintiffs. They cannot overtly and explicitly strike down the legislature's statutes. The same can be said about the meaning of anything absorbed into the cohered theor y, including statutes, and about the cohered theor y itself. The fairs and horse races in this city, prescribed in your statutes, exalted me. Although there were changes to the statutes after 1978 and before 1990, they were minor. The commission would investigate the enforcement of existing statutes against discrimination and determine whether new legislation was necessary. Even the title of the bill suggests alterations designed to help signal the statute's common law intent. Again, the scope and specificity of this formal legislative attention to associational life is the striking aspect of these statutes. Reformed universities usually had statutes requiring that a particular textbook be used. Thus, in interpreting constitutional rules or regulatory statutes, they may pursue a particular policy agenda. Five separate statutes were included: larceny, malicious damage to property, forgery, coinage, and offences against the person. Other statutes made special provisions for the granting of land, tax exemptions, franchises, and other forms of public relief and assistance. Perhaps the disr uption that would follow from invalidating the statutes in question was enough to overcome the risks of the judge-made secondar y rule. They did this in large part by changing the party statutes between 1988 and 2000 to gain greater decision-making power over nominations. Parliament was the "high court"; like suits in court, statutes were initiated by petitions seeking clarification of existing law. Aside from some state-level statutes passed to regulate food in the 1880s and 1890s, no government regulation of the proprietary medicine market existed. Certainly, the statutes were more readable and better organized than their predecessors. In the absence of federal requirements or state statutes, individual hospitals' medical staff and administrative policies specify the criteria to certify brain death. In a handful of states, the anatomical gift statutes don't mention donation to an individual. They cannot ask the courts to apply specific statutes, because none exist, so they ask them to employ more generic laws to resolve the situation. By this time only seventeen states still had such statutes anyway. Thus, statutes enshrine controls on entry to the profession and set limits to the scope for practice of nonprofessionals. Judges and other officials have well-established practices of applying statutes in ways that seem independent of social salience. The theories discussed purport to account for the analogue for statutes of reference or extension for words. Courts are not the only parties interpreting and applying statutes,3 and some statutes may never be interpreted by courts. According to social salience theory, the default position is that statutes apply to act-tokens that are socially salient, given the linguistic and social contexts. Moreover, it seems utterly impossible to reconcile this extreme view with the fact that the language of statutes is canonical. They are, of course, more familiar by another name: criminal statutes. Most have bypass authority included in their original statutes. The focus of this study is on institutional or formal independence as derived from the reading of statutes. A reading of court transcripts reveals a greater willingness by judges to reinterpret legal statutes and case law to the detriment of corporations. Details of the brotherhoods have been gleaned from the statutes (compromissos) that set out the governing rules and regulations. Are these statutes disrespectful to men or straights? The same considerations suggest that it is not a good idea for legislatures to include blanket severability clauses in statutes. Certainly, if integrity is to be cast aside and checkerboard statutes are to be permitted, this is an active concern. The first is whether it is compatible with the idea that rationes are rules (in the robust sense akin to statutes). One should say this about statutes that are neither self-contradictory nor ambiguous. Legislators have a motive to frame statutes unambiguously lest they cede too much power to subordinates. Breathing new life into these statutes was sure to be a long and evolutionary process. By 1896, twenty-one states possessed such laws, either in the form of statutes or constitutional provisions. Judges developed ample independent power to reinterpret statutes and to issue injunctions to limit economic actions. Taken together, these statutes put pharmaceutical consumers at second remove from an ethical drug they wish to consume. They operated under different statutes, and their claims on projects could be enhanced or damaged according to the allocation of benefits. The legal strictures of federal statutes and regulations, coupled with the threat of enforcement litigation place great constraints on states as they implement federal laws. Issued by state constitutions, statutes, regulations, and party rules, formal political authority helped determine which enclave actors were empowered to manage various governance tasks. At the time the case was decided, neither the statutes nor the case law governing wills expressly prohibited such takings. Several types of tort reform have been suggested to alleviate the "malpractice crisis," such as ceilings on jury awards and shorter statutes of limitations. Even worse, statutes failed miserably in providing a uniform set of definitions. However, because older statutes were rarely repealed, the books were rife with obsolete statutes. Thus, the index is based on the most up-to-date statutes relating to the institution in question. Neither did he acquire libraries of statutes, warrants, proclamations, or other documents relevant to government work. Since the state legislators are legally disabled from passing statutes in violation of federal legal rules, such statutes would be declared invalid. In most cases found in modern jurisdictions, however, identifying the norms requires attention to both statutes and case law. The departure from that position is also social, produced by conventions to defer to experts on the statute's applications to particular cases. What is at issue is, in some sense of the term, the meaning of such statutes (or provisions). Intentionalism is the view that legislative intent determines a statute's application-meaning. What is needed is an account of how statutes epistemically guide, rather than how legal rules do. One variety latches onto a purpose intention that legislatures are asserted to have with regard to statutes. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。