| 词汇 | example_english_standard-of-living |
| 释义 | Examples of standard of livingThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. However, this leads to a reduction in the standardofliving after retirement. Unquestionably, the standardofliving here is higher than that of the average rural community. The aim of a modest-but-adequate budget is to provide a standardofliving which meets basic needs and allows participation in community activities. Both a household strategy and decisions by particular individuals to improve their standardofliving account for these patterns. The death of a spouse was a substantial threat to the standardofliving of household members and to the existence of the household itself. On each of these dimensions there were certain tasks which were important for older people in being able to maintain a decent standardofliving. But, as this particular notion of sustainable development is concerned only with the current standardofliving, it is not easy to defend. However, when a country has attained a sufficiently high standardofliving, people give greater attention to environmental amenities. In short, it would appear that the annual standardofliving, revealed through the price of grain, plays no part in matrimonial decisions. Early neonatal mortality appears to be a more sensitive index of standardofliving and health conditions of a society. A good blacksmith or carpenter could also probably expect a better standardofliving. During contractions, concerns about unemployment often dominate that for real standardofliving. Consistently, industrial profit-markup inflation increases, in general, during recessions, exacerbating output contraction despite the reduction in workers' real standardofliving. Second, if having more land increases their standardofliving they may draw on loans to increase the size of their holding. And more publics were accepting of higher prices than taxes or a reduced standardofliving. Or put differently, what role do social policies play in aiding migrants and ethnic minorities to maintain an acceptable standardofliving? The important question here is whether dissimilar social policy constructions account for the differences in migrants' ability to enjoy a socially acceptable standardofliving. This tendency may even be visible in the subsequent rises in standardofliving, especially during the 1920s. For the older generation, perceived or self-rated health was the variable that contributed most significantly to higher life satisfaction, followed by perceived standardofliving. Without such annuities, a woman's standardofliving would drop precipitously after her husbands' death - even if the woman had a pension of her own. Previous examinations of youthful consumption have not satisfactorily explained the reasons for this, implying that it was one effect of a rising standardofliving. The reform has not seriously addressed the problem from the perspective of the health workers: without informal payments their standardofliving would plummet. It appears, therefore, that attempts to lower the cost of labor during recessions decrease workers' real standardofliving without moderating output contraction across industries. One-half of the older respondents and 37 per cent of the younger generation assessed their standardofliving as low. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the conditions for taking care of infants while maintaining an adequate standardofliving changed again. Such dynamics emerge because households wish to maintain their new higher standardofliving induced by a greater purchasing power in terms of consumption goods. Insurance components are designed to achieve some target standardofliving in retirement compared with that when working. During contractions, the higher the trend inflation of industrial output price, the less pronounced is the deterioration in agents' real standardofliving. In these circumstances working families needed state welfare in order to maintain their standardofliving. These ratings were averaged over the 10-year period to provide a global measure of the family's average standardofliving over this period. The land reform programme over 1949-52 had improved their standardofliving and increased their consumption of grain. Increases in the cost of medical care were coupled with a decline in the standardofliving of the lower middle class. Subsequently, output fluctuations do not vary significantly with fluctuations in real standardofliving, industrial relative price, or the profit markup. Rather, the coalition leaders emphasized that they would rely on rapid growth to improve everyone's standardofliving. He continued to insist that the decade was a period of phenomenal economic growth, increase in the standardofliving, and democratization of consumption. As they get a higher standardofliving, they will demand more civil rights. The standardofliving was in general low. To have an adequate standardofliving is, in simple parlance, to have enough money. There appears to be no trend over the years, or in relation to factors such as race, standardofliving, season or climate. Rising food prices had a great impact on their standardofliving, and consequently influenced the likelihood of remarriage. Clearly, a large majority are unable to maintain a standardofliving similar to that of their pre-retirement situation. Level of income has become central to achieving a satisfactory standardofliving and many women now combine childcare activities with employment outside the home. The transparency of evidence to maintain a defined standardofliving along with the minimal personal costs involved are key attractions. Even the higher price tolerance is constrained by standardofliving considerations and commodity exceptions. The household income and the standardofliving are most directly linked to the economic situation of a person. Similarly, standardofliving is coded in such a way that a high numerical value indicates a low standard. No correction for the household size is made. 5-point scale ranging from a high (1) to a low (5) standardofliving. The low cost standard was defined to reflect a frugal standardofliving. Real losses in standardofliving are only one reason why respondents attend to economic conditions. However, this inevitably leads to a reduction in the standardofliving before retirement. The change was seen, particularly by unions, as a major achievement in guaranteeing pensioners a standardofliving correlated with that of active workers. Across industries, nominal wages follow price inflation, maintaining workers' real standardofliving during expansions. The real consumption and the habitual standardofliving reach a higher level in the new long-run equilibrium. These estimates do not represent actual expenditures by people, but estimated costs required to meet a specified standardofliving. At the household level, remittances make the difference between poverty and a tolerable standardofliving. The widow's benefit plus own-benefit maintains household purchasing power at 70 -80 % of the previous level, so her standardofliving is roughly unchanged. Thus, only older individuals with an additional source of income will be able to attain a standardofliving above the poverty line. These factors included perceived health status, perceived standardofliving and employment. An inability to maintain the desired or chosen lifestyle and standardofliving raised multiple concerns. Perspectives of development:1961-1976, implications of planning for a minimum standardofliving. In addition, the continuation of technological progress should surely result in substantial increases in the material standardofliving of the 'average' global citizen. Such population pressure would lead to deterioration in the standardofliving and various kinds of social problems as well as instability. Minimal relativism, dominance, and standardofliving comparisons based on functionings. It also secured a reasonable standardofliving for the parents in case the land should go out of the family. Nevertheless, this absent population was recorded in 1925 and their residence patterns uncover some of the strategies families adopted to maintain their standardofliving. The farm family obtains scope for gainful employment the year round thereby ensuring a reasonable income and higher standardofliving. In general, workers' real standardofliving appears to be stable in the face of expansionary demand shocks. In contrast, workers' real standardofliving decreases during recessions, while producers attempt to maintain, or even increase, industrial real-price inflation. Empirical estimates will measure the change (increase or decrease) in real standardofliving, industrial relative price, the profit markup, and output fluctuations. These ratings were averaged over the 10-year period to provide a global measure of the family's averaged standardofliving over this period. Subjective opinions that one's standardofliving has declined do correlate with sensitivity to the economic performance of the regime in power. In order to secure a standardofliving better than mere survival, they become involved in the petty-criminal 'irregular' economy. The other socio-economic factor, standardofliving in the 1920s, proved to be insignificant in determining use of either educational benefit. Workers' standardofliving declined continuously with the deepening of the reform, and many workers fell into the ranks of the urban poor. If this is so, a positive association may be expected between standardofliving and ability to evade reproductive restrictions. It provides an explicit framework for selecting personal requirements needed or deemed necessary to maintain a particular predefined standardofliving. Increasingly vulnerable to international relative prices, the population has experienced a large decline in its standardofliving and income. The combined effect allows for an increase in agents' real standardofliving and industrial relative output price during recessions. These results suggest that costs of family planning services are weakly explained by standardofliving, accessibility and type of programme. In this way we can establish the role of these policies in reducing poverty or, conversely, in maintaining a socially acceptable standardofliving. It is generally felt that most married women work only to supplement the family income in order to have a higher standardofliving. Important determinants of saving for retirement are individual attitudes and satisfaction with standardofliving. Without exposure to a particular housing market, there is a risk that individuals cannot maintain the same standardofliving when they return or retire. As the babyboomers near retirement, assurance of a decent standardofliving has become one of the most debated economic issues of recent times. This is consistent with the nuclear devastation being far worse an outcome than is living with a somewhat lower standardofliving. Of course, emigration yields remittances, at least for a time, and in many cases these are critical for a minimal material standardofliving. Interestingly, standardofliving is significant during later time periods but not for the lifetime average. The independent variables include four socioeconomic characteristics: standardofliving (self-reported), level of education, age, and gender. Instead of radical changes, many women have experienced subtle reforms in family life to which the increase in the general standardofliving has contributed. This can be seen as an indication of an improvement in the standardofliving of widows. Both the retirement contracts made by couples and those made by a widow alone generally guaranteed them an adequate standardofliving in retirement. They are particularly important for what they reveal about the links between formal welfare provision, protective legislation, family care, and the standardofliving. It could be expected that short-term fluctuations in food prices affected the standardofliving of people from different social groups in different ways. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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