| 词汇 | example_english_spline |
| 释义 | Examples of splineThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. As the cubic splines for and are constructed, these functions are found in piecewise polynomial form. As an example of such a scheme, we consider the scheme generating the double-knot cubic splines. Using splines, a parameter trajectory model is defined by means of the position of the basis functions and the order of the polynomial. As expected, the more the splines are used, the smaller the minimum performance indices are, but at the same time, the more the computational burdens. The parameterisation concerns the generalised coordinates that are approximated using cubic splines. The biped joint coordinates are approximated by cubic splines functions connected at uniformly distributed knots along the motion time. However, twice differentiable property of cubic splines was not a requirement in our approach. They found that higher-dimensional splines offered significant improvements over standard discretization methods (although for dimensions higher than three, their algorithms are still very time-consuming). The viscosity function was then calculated from these splines. The control methods were evolved using genetic programming, once a suitable framework had been set up using splines to compute smooth trajectories. The two probably best-known and most often applied radial basis functions are called multiquadrics and thin-plate splines, respectively. An approach that was considered was to use interpolation splines to form a smoothed edge. The knots for the splines were determined from inspection of the hazard function for males and females combined. In each case, complex forms are first resolved into a minimum network of simple splines. Figure 5 shows the positions of the real robot controlled by the inverse dynamic strategies with a ramp and splines references. The step functions that appear in recursive partitioning algorithms are seen to be two-sided truncated power basis functions for q 0 splines. Cubic splines are used to generate twice-continuously differentiable representations of the drop shape. Figure 2 displays two piecewise cubic splines with their boundary and continuity conditions. Moreover, a very useful technique, which combines the use of both cubic and trigonometric splines, has been proposed and investigated. 630 in general, for a given trajectory it cannot be said a priori if third-order trigonometric splines are better than the fouth-order ones. Conversely, if it is required that the robot passes exactly through the intermediate points, a suitable solution is to use splines. Our approach is not restricted to the linear interpolation for the reference path or to cubic splines for the approximation. There are also classification algorithms based on adaptive multivariate regression splines, neural networks, support vector machines, and regularization networks. Commonly the boundary of the component is modelled using splines, with control point coordinates used as design variables. To describe smooth trends along rows, cubic smoothing splines in column numbers can be used. The crosses represent measured points and the dashed curves are cubic splines drawn through these points. We fitted the data of hi versus time using a regression technique involving cubic splines, and determined hi from the best-fit curve. A third problem emerges after the employment of splines in the algorithm. We use cubic splines for assets in the 401(k) plan and the conventional account, and linear interpolation for the unvested portion of matched contributions. Similarly, the effect of relative humidity was adjusted for by including natural cubic splines of the humidity series in the model. In particular, cubic splines are often employed, as they assure the continuity of velocity and acceleration signals along the planned motion. We assume to have a number of via points to pass through and that a trajectory has been already planned using cubic splines. In this paper a more detailed analysis of trigonometric splines from the design point of view is provided, together with a comparison with algebraic splines. The small spheres are where distance constraints are enforced during the optimization for joint splines. Here the edges of the arbitrary shaped obstacles are represented by cubic splines. First, all triple knots are made into single knots, because we are looking for cubic splines. Position functions for the cubic and trigonometric splines. A chapter outlining this approach with a detailed discussion of interpolation rules (piecewise multilinear functions, cubic splines, and so on) would have been a welcome addition to the book. We reduce the size of the problem by assuming that an approximation to the value function lies in a space of flexible functional forms, namely, cubic splines. Genetic and environmental smoothing of lactation curves with cubic splines. Spherical splines for scalp potential and current density mapping. Adaptive colour-printer modelling using regularized linear splines. Gridding with continuous curvature splines in tension. Note that the theorem could be stated in more general terms because nothing specific about the structure of splines per se was used in the proof. No significant differences emerge between third and fourth order trigonometric splines, the latter generally leading to a slightly higher value of the maximum of the acceleration profile. Between the interpolating functions, (algebraic) cubic splines are widely adopted because they can assure the continuity of the position, velocity and acceleration commands for each joint. In order to investigate the converging characteristics, the author obtained the minimum values of the dynamic performance indices (2) - (5) repeatedly while increasing the number of the splines. Quintic splines did not fare any better. Furthermore, we propose an econometric methodology to specify the nonlinear equilibrium correction terms, which is based on parametric (ordinary least-squares or nonlinear least-squares) and semiparametric (smoothing splines) estimation procedures. Note that for the case in which the trigonometric splines are employed to connect the cubic ones, both the third and fourth order trigonometric splines have been evaluated. Actually, the use of trigonometric splines is justified only if compared with the use of high-order algebraic splines, as they provide less overshoot in this case. An example of a locally weighted regression smoother is a cubic smoothing spline. All models have spline functions for age included. Therefore, we have to find a linear spline that lies in the given space around the original milling trajectory. Results for the designed optimum spline coefficients of: (a) joint l to 3; (b) joint 4 to 6 (the coefficients are expressed in degrees/s3). The centre line is the estimated spline curve, and the upper and lower lines represent the 95 % upper and lower confidence limits respectively. The convergence to optimum values may be observed when the above mentioned updatings do not give larger variations in the spline coefficient variables. A smooth parallel coordinate plot is achieved with splines. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. If the number of degrees of freedom is low then the spline will be very smooth, and vice versa. The most important feature of the data minimization algorithm for surgical robotics is the smoothing of the movement by the determination of a cubic spline. Trajectories of tip and joints of finger mechanism (dashed line) as compared with spline trajectories for human finger (continuous line). Rational splines can represent any conic section, including the circle, exactly. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Use the constraint generation algorithm to obtain a spline approximation of the value function. To prevent stress concentrations the ends of the splines are chamfered (as opposed to an abrupt vertical end). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. If the petrol engine sounds like a diesel briefly after starting, it means that the variator splines are worn and should be replaced. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Engine oil pressure, moves the internal piston which rotates slightly due to the helical splines and advances the inlet valve timing by 25 degrees. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Alignment 'front-back' is provided directly by the spline in the mount platform. The triangles are the data points ; the curve is a spline fit to these points, with continuous first and second derivatives. The estimated coefficients associated with the spline for marriage duration are not shown; the first category of each variable (in italics) is the reference group. The continued rising particulate level may have been in part caused by unusual wear of the splines. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Instead of inverse kinematics, a direct optimization approach is used to predict each joint's profile (a spline curve). The path planning stage is accomplished by using cubic spline functions. An important concept associated with regression splines is that of a knot. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Finally, we smooth the lateral-inhibition extent as a function of mean intensity with a spline. The sketch consists of geometry such as points, lines, arcs, conics (except the hyperbola), and splines. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The path planning stage was accomplished by using a piecewise cubic spline function to create a smooth path using kinematic constraints. In addition, the analytic expression for the pseudopotential of the particle interaction in non-ideal plasmas has been obtained by application of the spline approximation. To maintain a proper discretization, an occasional mesh redistribution was performed by fitting a cubic spline to the polar coordinate representation of the interface. Smoothing levels can be changed by altering the parameters of the spline smoothing function. Spline coefficients are defined accounting for connecting conditions at knots. One approach to solve this problem is by splines. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. He is area of research is in splines and wavelet numerical analysis. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Cubic splines can be extended to functions of two or more parameters, in several ways. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Bicubic surface patches, defined by three bicubic splines, are an essential tool in computer graphics. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Note that for univariate polynomial spline spaces these two settings generate the same trial space. In general this is a nonlinear curve which we approximate using a cubic spline. The alignment plate has a machined channel along the long axis that matches with a raised spline on the support platform to provide positive alignment. Spatial derivatives are computed analytically from the coefficients of the spline functions. Here, we stick to simple hierarchical spline-like function systems. Later craftsmen have made splines out of rubber, steel, and other elastomeric materials. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Functions of one or more variables (see below) can be described in a number of ways, including linear, exponential, or cubic spline interpolation between breakpoints. Adaptive spline functions provide smooth approximations of multidimensional objects, which have the ability to capture high order interactions. However, polynomials, cubic splines, and interpolation are completely empirical, and do not involve any image-related parameters. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Let v be the solution to (4) and let v s be the cubic-spline approximate solution to (4). As discussed above, the lower bound to the exact discrete value function is found by finding the unrestricted values implied by the spline-approximate actions. We opt for the former of these two options and maintain a cubic spline throughout. With these three characteristic positions, we can reproduce the experimental trajectories with the use of a spline interpolation. Feasible trajectories have been defined by using spline functions that can be obtained through offline computation. The use of splines for modeling automobile bodies seems to have several independent beginnings. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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