| 词汇 | example_english_spine |
| 释义 | Examples of spineThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. An enlarged view of those spines (fig. 6 inset) show that they are located in crater-like holes in the tegument. The question of the exact determination was left ambiguous as no spines were visible on the margin of leaves. The outer lip and inner ventral surface bear sharp spines and the tegumental surface has a honeycomb appearance. Marginal spines (fig. 7, c) long ; they are also set closely together and are less deciduous on the cephalic margin than elsewhere. Prosopon on borders and spines consists of dense concentration of relatively fine tubercles; small number of larger tubercles scattered on pleural ridges and major spines. In addition, forwardly projecting spines in the posterior of the canal prevent the female from slipping out into the bloodstream. More complete fragments show that the spines do not meet in the centre of the radiolarian. Both cardinal corners with spines, more developed in posterior corner. The dorsal side of the body exhibits similar surface features, but the spines and papillae appear less numerous and are smaller. Under the scanning electron microscope its surface appears rough due to the presence of numerous spines and surface foldings. The microfacies typically contains abundant cortoids and medium quartz sand together with phosphatic grains, echinoid spines and rare ooids. Dendritic spines: role of active membrane in modulating synaptic efficacy. Most of the tegumental surface was very swollen and the spines appeared sunken. The spinous body tegument begins to lose its spines and most of its common secretory bodies at about 8 mm distance from the nephridiopore tegument. Fifteen spines are located dorsally in a double row (fig. 14). Between these there is on each segment a transverse row of four groups of spines. No spines are present in the ductus or cirrus. A unique component of the tubercles are the small spines located around the peak of the tubercles. The thorax is narrow and tapers posteriorly, the pleural spines of the last segment being long and directed backwards. Major border spines long, slender and almost straight; more than twice sagittal pygidial length; moderately divergent. Accordingly, they regarded the persistence of such spines in holaspides as a simple paedomorphic trait, probably acquired independently in several lineages. The areoles, depressions around the tubercles for attachment of muscles controlling movement of spines, are asymmetrical around tubercles of the oral side. The ischial spines are a landmark for engagement of the fetal head. Remains of a three-dimensional mesh are present at the proximal end of the spines. The packstone contains well-sorted, to poorly sorted, moderately well-rounded peloids, ooids, ostracods, bivalves and echinoderm spines (with syntaxial overgrowths). The spines at the rear of the cervical vertebrae are quite short. The ganglion cell's dendrites densely branch over the region of arborization, and many dendritic spines are present. Deirids at approximately centre of nerve ring with first pair of cuticular spines in close proximity, but posterior to deirids. Following these, there are nine pairs of thin and slender ribs, of which the six posteriormost attach on the haemal arches and spines. However, the spines remained firmly anchored to the basal lamina. Body stout, cuticle with conspicuous transverse rings or annuli with posteriorly directed spines. The cuticle is smooth, devoid of spines, the shining appearance being very noticeable. The instrument produces an amazing variety of intricacies from the plucked and scraped spines with definite, but unpredictable pitch, and each timbre subtly varied. Stigmatic spines (fig. 9, b) rather small, narrowly conical, and more or less uniform; they vary from 25-38 in number. Antero-lateral and posterior margins with short, thinner secondary border spines, the four between the primary spines extending almost exsagittally. The fishes are distinguished by a single dorsal fin, absence of spines, and abdominal fins restricted to seven or fewer rays. As the name suggests, porcupine fish are covered with sharp dermal spines. Extending from the middle of the posterior rami of the ischial bones are the ischial spines, which are of great obstetrical importance. Robust glyptograptid lacking any proximal spines; fully septate with undulating septum lessening only slightly distally. The bases of certain neural and haemal spines are slightly expanded. In addition, some species possess spines on the glabella and on the cephalic border. Connecting membrane (cm) deeply divided centrally, and not nearly reaching the tips of the claspers; it is partly covered on both sides by minute spines. Articulations of the body clearly defined ; each segment bears from four to five hairy spines on each side, all of which are broadly dilated apically. Stigmatic clefts shallow ; spines rather short and bluntly pointed, central one a little more than twice the length of the two laterals. The entire inferior border of the corpus has been cut off from just below the level of the mental spines. Margin of cephalo-thoracic region with a few widely separated, and minute spines. Both waxy secretions and dorsal spines cannot be produced without some physiological cost, a cost that is likely offset by some adaptive function. The embryo was small and the hamulus rudiments were simple, straight spines instead of having the normal, curved appearance of developing hooks. The majority of spines were normal, only a few appearing bulbous as previously described for the oral cone region. Ultrastructural examination of living plerocercoids revealed that adherent leucocytes caused little damage, only phagocytosing some microthrix spines. The larger spines possessed arrangements of longitudinal and transverse periodicity (fig. 4). The pharyngeal tegument likewise lacked spines, but possessed only one type of secretory body, and a smooth but folded outer surface. In females, parts of the tegument were devoid of spines and surface lesions were present. Abruptly, after 17.68- 49.71% of body length, rows of spines become very congested and overlap each other. Their collar spines were counted, and the range of cyst diameters corresponding to different numbers of collar spines was determined. The area of the basal plasma membrane where the spines rest appears more electron-dense and represents the basal plate (fig. 4). The anterior region (including gynecophoric canal) is covered with spines. The first row of tegumentary spines are found beyond this spineless ring (fig. 14). Collar with 47-54 (mean: 52) oral spines with 12-18 (16 2) poorly developed. The surface of the male worm is characterized by numerous raised tubercles bearing apically directed spines. The surface of the body is smooth and has no cuticular spines. Posterior to this transverse row of spines there is a shorter row of spines, divided into four groups. The branching occurs at distinct distances, mostly c. 50 m, where whorls of spines or spinules are produced. The seeds are 6-9 mm long with three apical spines (2-2.5 mm long) covered by numerous recurved hooks. We found no evidence of the number of spines being an induced defence in either of the two spinescent species studied. Each a process gives rise to a comb of spines to one side. The dendritic tree is highly branched with many fine spines and processes which occasionally appear to form closed loops. The secondary dendrites were thin without any spines or varicosities. None of the studied plant species had spines or thorns. Pleural ridges broad and considerably swollen, straight in adaxial anterior part, posteriorly curved and extending in continuity into major border spines. The surface of the canal is ridged and pitted bearing small spines. The tegument of the neck region between the suckers is devoid of tubercles and spines and has a series of circumferentially orientated ridges. There is no indication that they continue as spines inside the inner sphere. The number of spines and size of the test are unknown. The majority of worms examined 15 days p. i. had a heavily sclerotized zig-zag septal ridge and dorsal accessory spines on the haptor. Tetrameres paradisea is similar to the new taxon in that it has two rows of cuticular spines and possesses a single spicule. Parts of the dorsal surface, particularly between the spined tubercles, were devoid of sensory spines (fig. 4). Hundreds of small spines, about 6 mm long are found on the collar on both the ventral and dorsal surfaces (figs. 5, 6). The spines of the oral sucker are the smallest, while those of the body posterior to the collar are the largest. In the digeneans, body spines are present within the tegument matrix in some sporocysts, many cercariae and in adults. A sound structural attachment of the spines appears to be provided by the basal lamina. Rings with spines present throughout body, starting at 0.048 - 0.058 mm from the anterior tip. Cuticular rings of spines start at 0.039- 0.042 mm from the anterior extremity. As the worm ages to 2 - 3 wpi the existing spines broaden and new spines appear which have a single spike. In these same time periods catecholamines induce dynamic changes in the shape and branching patterns of dendrites and the growth of dendritic spines. Dendritic spines constitute the post-synaptic compartment of most excitatory synapses in mammalian brain. As already noted, stingray spines apparently continue to retain venom for some time after becoming detached from the animal. The finch's capacity to use spines is not inherited, but rather learned afresh by each individual. Stigmatic clefts (fig. 12, h) very deep and narrow ; the two lateral spines long, stout and bluntly pointed ; marginal spines short, simple. The dorsal spines of the comb are nearly as long as the ventral portion of the pronotum, while the lateral spines are quite short. The spines are 0-012 mm. in length and lie closely adpressed to the body. The dorso-lateral, lateral, and ventro-lateral regions of each segment are provided with a number of very small setae, anterior to the rings of spines. The spines are weaker and less numerous on the 9th abdominal segment. There are no spines on the first arm segment, one on the second, two on the third increasing up to 8 or 9. The arm spines form a fan on the proximal arm segments. The proximal arm spines approach midradially but do not form a single fan. There are 7-8 finely rugose and flattened arm spines proximally 5-6 distally; not forming a fan on the proximal arm joints. There are proximally 8 slightly rugose arm spines, the second dorsalmost one the largest, equal in length to 3 segments. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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