| 词汇 | example_english_spillover |
| 释义 | Examples of spilloverThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. We now briefly consider two examples - rationality spillovers and corruption. Unlike most government projects, however, which may have some non-market spillovers, the benefits of conservation projects may be entirely non-market in nature. One intuitively plausible channel through which lagged output can affect production as a public good is through learning spillovers. We assume that learning-by-doing and knowledge spillovers only occur in the latter. To some extent, this would allow firms to internalize technology spillovers. However, if 'land-saving' innovation improves productivity of labor and capital, without spillovers on the returns to land, the mean of the deforestation rate decreases by 32 per cent. The effects are not as strong as in the case of the symmetric shock where shocks in both countries reinforced themselves through the various spillovers between both economies. Only a cosmopolitan political outlook can ultimately accommodate itself to the political challenges of a more global era, marked by policy spillovers, overlapping communities of fate, and growing global inequalities. Thus, there may be cross-industry spillovers. When there is policy coordination, this is not a problem, as informational spillovers are beneficial: it is better to coordinate policy between informed than uninformed central banks. One can also design flexible regulations which incentivate privately beneficial cost saving technological innovations by always imposing a cost at the margin for socially undesirable spillovers such as polluting. In the context of endogenous growth models, a faster rate of learning and knowledge spillovers free the economy from diminishing returns and thus facilitate sustained growth. Such characteristics maximise crosscountry spillovers. A small set of economic concepts explains the particular characteristics of news products: public goods, experience goods, product differentiation, high fixed costs/low variable costs, and positive spillovers or externalities. There are big spillovers in the benefits of research to other people in other institutions, firms and industries, indeed other economies. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The first is legislation to prevent the so-called detrimental spillovers. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 To address the problem of spillovers and the difficulty of appropriation, the obvious device in a market situation is to institute research and development tax credits. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 A possible explanation is that the central government compensates the counties for secondary schools too highly and that this generates a spillover effect to healthcare. The economic incentives that influence media content can have a spillover effect on politics through that coverage. The third source relating to localization economies is technological spillovers. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Moreover, general announcements exert cross-country spillovers but are perceived by the home-country banks as subsidies boosting the competitive advantage of foreign banks. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The general conclusion is that there seems to be some spillover effects from pension investment decisions to other portfolio choice problems. Private-education vouchers generated increased economic growth through a fiscal spillover. The intersectoral spillover term is equal to 0.088 in their study. The rationality spillover results suggest more effort spent on developing parallel market and non-market exchange institutions that generate the rationality spillovers might be interesting. Although spillover infections have occurred, there has been no evidence that the virus adapted to a new host. In other words, economists fear reputational spillover effects of deceptive practices even if only a few of their tribe practice it. Spillover effects were relatively consistent in both cross-lagged and moderator analyses when parental acceptance was used as an index of parent- child relations. Another example involves spillovers from credit markets to the goods market. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The most provocative result of the study is the spillover effect of the prosody training. There is little spillover into the right eye's unlabelled laminae. Reconceptualizing the work-family interface : an ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Attempting to address budget deficits has had important spillover effects, most notably on the conduct of pay determination. The close physical proximity facilitates knowledge spillovers, helping people and firms exchange information and generate new ideas. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In fact, critics say spillovers from public meetings to broader social discourse are moderate at best. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Even when a policy targets a subpopulation or region, there may be spillover effects on the rest of the country. The mechanism(s) by which persistent elevation of spillover rabies is affected remains unclear. By removing rabies cases mis-classified as raccoon variant, the exclusive contribution of the raccoon rabies epizootic to risk of spillover infection in cats was shown. Leisure patterns among retired workers : spillover or compensatory trends? The problem with the informational spillover is that it ties together the way central banks learn about how to exploit each other. Our estimates indicate that it is reasonable to ignore the sectoral spillover term. Because of human capital spillover effects, there are increasing returns to scale in the production sector. If this education\\spillover effect is real, what is driving it ? Requiring workers to make investment choices in their pension plan would likely have little spillover effect on own-account finances in a rational-choice model. The second term captures the positive spillover agent i expects from following the others' expected choices. Technical factors such as success of the injection, label spillover, were controlled by analyzing the retinal afferent projection in the lateral geniculate bodies. The concept of knowledge brokers is closely related to the concept of knowledge spillovers. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. However, economic interconnectedness does not necessarily construct positive economic globalization as it brings about some major concerns associated with economic shocks and spillovers. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Moreover, policy conclusions from a single-gear bioeconomic analysis do not consider spillover effects from this other gear. On the other hand, high culling rates significantly reduce the risk of pathogen spillover and the consequent damages, but imply significant culling costs. More importantly, their findings suggest a rationality spillover did exist. The problem is compounded when refugee flows occur in rebel-contested territory, or when there is spillover of conflict from sending countries. In addition, these models have practical applications beyond linking a disease process in a reservoir host to spillover. There is, moreover, a spillover effect as everyday interactions become increasingly rationalised and less social. One possible explanation could be the spillover into the fox during the late 1990s. The voucher setup here provides subsidies to private-education households only, facilitating the fiscal spillover which drives higher growth for both public- and private-education households. How to induce a spillover of the efficiency gains of the privatised firms to the rest of the society ? The border spillover effects of their policies and agendas are not prominent in their minds or a core part of their political calculations. The bottom panel also shows the effects of the voucher-generated fiscal spillover on public education (after k periods), raising the growth path. The exchange rate neither depreciates nor appreciates, and the output spillover is therefore zero. Since the ex-ante insurance-based approach is able to capture values from all the relevant groups (nonusers, spillover effects), it is the recommended strategy (6;16). Substantial positive and negative spillovers limit the ability of any single jurisdiction to resolve issues. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The spillover effects of such destruction is to paralyse the transport network causing difficulties in moving both passengers and goods. Therefore, no spillover effects can be expected to other consumption choices, where the outcome depends on my level of patience. First, we explore the idea of a rationality spillover. Alternatively, the emotional climate resulting from high negativity from the husbands of depressed women may contribute to affective spillover that is directed toward the child. Thus, it is unclear whether negative spillover is a prominent process over the course of a year. The international uncontrolled leakage and spillover of technological knowledge would benefit the technological strategy of laggard countries, based upon fast imitation and re-engineering. The spillover received by an individual from the aggregate stock of capital can be motivated in various ways. Where two roles intersect : spillover between parent care and employment. Reports of increases in rabies spillover coincident with epizootics of raccoon rabies have been largely descriptive [15, 24, 25]. The subsequent spread of this variant has been heralded by unprecedented increases in raccoon rabies and spillover to cats and other animals [9, 10]. The spillover of disease from domestic to wild-living ungulates has been largely reported during the last 20 years [6, 12-15]. She does not consider spillover effects upon nonpension (own-account) assets. The one conclusion that can be drawn from this literature is that no strong consensus has emerged regarding the spillover effects of pensions upon nonretirement account finances. Although the spillover or spread of emotions can go in any direction, the most consistent pathways of influence have been demonstrated from the marriage to parent- child relations. Is there a positive spillover? We begin with an example of such a discrete, structural explanation with regard to the spillover effect, then consider two notions of the dimensionality for reading models. First, the presence of a woman candidate made it more likely that certain issues would be raised or strategies used which could have spillover effects on the presidential contest. The point estimates suggest a significant education spillover effect from participant choice (7-8 percentage point change in the probability of non-pension equity ownership) for this subpopulation. The primary reason is related to the fact that nonuser values (for people at risk who do not get the disease) and spillover effects are not captured in the evaluation. Second, another specificity of international optimal monetary policy is the issue of strategic interactions and competitive devaluations, which is due to cross-border spillovers in quantities and prices. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Despite abundant evidence that glial cells also express receptors for glutamate and other neurotransmitters, it has been assumed that these receptors are activated through spillover or release from extrasynaptic sites. The continuance and spillover of everyday tensions in distressed and nondistressed families. As increases to a value of one and the environmental spillover costs of economic activity are fully internalized, the cost of dirty forms of production increases relative to cleaner alternatives. More importantly, the model also predicted 30- and 24-msec spillover frequency effects (for gaze and first-fixation durations, respectively) on the words immediately following the targets. Due to positive spillovers from research to knowledge capital, the growth rate of the economy is constant in the steady state. How to frame analysis and findings in a way that does justice to spillovers, junctures and interdependencies? Countries are nevertheless interdependent because of pollution spillovers. In tracing out this causal chain we demonstrate how, over time, irrigation development has generated beneficial spillovers in adjacent upland communities and forests. A notion of learning spillovers as accumulated knowledge about production techniques would intuitively indicate a choice of a low depreciation rate. Vouchers will generate smaller spillovers and will be less beneficial for growth if education spending is less important in the accumulation of human capital. The evidence on problems of appropriability and the extent of spillovers suggests that such problems exist, but that they may be easy to exaggerate. When technological spillovers exist, firms find it difficult to appropriate the full benefits of their research activities. The key to understanding our results is to recognize that there are informational spillovers in a two-country environment. In the equilibrium without policy coordination the informational spillovers prove to be more problematic. Mitigating adverse environmental spillovers may require ancillary interventions to stimulate demand for unskilled labor. While it would be desirable to find a method of estimating in the presence of such spillovers, this is beyond the scope of the paper. At the end, we remained convinced that there were significant spillovers. We proceeded to estimate the international spillovers using different approaches and specifications. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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