| 词汇 | example_english_spanner |
| 释义 | Examples of spannerThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. In the inter-organizational information-sharing community, malicious participants, either agents or boundary spanners, are effectively removed from the system. Recall that the inter-personal experiences of an organization's boundary spanners are internalized over time, representing norms, by the organization and manifest ultimately in the building of interorganizational trust. The entity fact path of a fact ft denoted by t is a graph, where the nodes represent entities (agents or boundary spanners) that constitute ft's traversal during information sharing. We do not want to throw any spanners into that particular wheel. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We need lubricants instead of spanners in the works, conciliation, not compulsion, and arbitration rather than legal enforcement. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 No wonder there are scandals and gold-plated contracts and £300 spanners. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 No doubt he could afford to throw a few planners into the works but not spanners. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The owner does not have to say that the deficiency is in five-inch spanners, and that nine have gone. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Supposing that in the course of a flight over a distance of two or three miles a pilot were carelessly to jettison spanners at intervals. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Spanners are being put in the works of that gravy train. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Spanners can be used for various purposes: they can be used for good purposes, and they can be used for bad purposes. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Screwdrivers and spanners are necessary in munitions factories. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We are not throwing any spanners into the works, for there are no works to throw them in. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 They are much more apt to see how many spanners they can throw into the works and how many objections they can raise. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In their policy they think that by throwing in a few more spanners and tools, productivity will be increased. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Yes—spanners, because they are throwing spanners in the works of national recovery. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I see now that the picture was prophetic, and that these were the spanners to be thrown into the works by nationalisation. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Workers use spanners, and spanners can be dropped from boiler drums in the same way as from office blocks under construction. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I am just throwing a few spanners in the works. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Why, then, with a situation so complex, throw a series of nationalising spanners into this indispensable system, which is the "steady growth of well over a century"? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We threw spanners into that machine. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 History has proved that the nations which are strongest in the shock of war are the nations with the most spanners and most sparks for power when war comes. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I say that spanners are being thrown into the works day and night, and before we have gone much further we shall find that our land has been nationalised. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 When an agent becomes a boundary spanner, all inter-agent trust relations that existed with other agents of the parent organization before the role adoption remain. If a boundary spanner is one of the top x entities, then his assignment continues. Boundary spanner agents of an organization assume all facts, as a pseudo-initiator, in that organization's respective fact request repository as their own required facts. The boundary spanner is an important individual in the organization, and therefore has been incorporated as a key component to the inter-organizational model. There is usually a small hole on the barrel to accept the spanner's pin. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The clamps are either mechanical (manually operated using spanners) or air operated varieties. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The boundary spanner plays the central role of inter-organizational gatekeeper for an organization, as discussed in the preceding literature review. Their only tools were two picks, two shovels, and four spanners. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Although the pump worked well, there were protracted arguments over a set of spanners which had been invoiced as an extra. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Boundary spanner agents of an organization assume all of the facts that reside in the boundary spanner fact request repository as their required facts. One of the major contributions of this work is the consolidated examination of inter-organizational and inter-personal trust, and the boundary spanner role. The orientation of one organization (represented by trust) towards another organization is adopted by the boundary spanner representative. Facts flow into the organization from the boundary spanner through whatever trust relations existed between her and her constituent agents before she assumed the role. Individual boundary spanners of one organization have at least one relation to a boundary spanner of each and every other organization in the inter-organizational network. One of the key components to exchange activity in inter-organizational networks is the boundary spanner role. The other side of the micro-macro link between inter-personal and inter-organizational trust is the influence that inter-organizational trust has in inter-boundary spanner relations. The trust calculus presented herein mathematically describes trust building at inter-organizational level and the instantaneous trust at the inter-boundary spanner (inter-personal) level. In that vein, the trust value represents the quality of the experiences of the trustor-boundary spanner with the trustee-boundary spanner. The boundary spanner plays a very important role in this process, as it bridges the gap across organizational boundaries. In the context of the informationsharing community, the boundary spanner is responsible for representing the information needs of its constituent agents. When the outcomes of inter-boundary spanner relations meet expectations, trusting attitudes are reinforced and become part of the history of the relationship. Spanner's designs utilized innovative manufacturing techniques such as curved plywood and non-upholstered, woven-web seating. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. There used to be a full set of wrenches (spanners), still visible on the deep part (each wrench being about long and weighing over). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Spanners may be used in computational geometry for solving some proximity problems. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. They recognize the importance of the boundary spanner role as a means to build trust between partnering organizations. The notion of reliability is defined by the trust values that exist in all of an entity's (agent or boundary spanner) trust relations. If this condition has been met, then the boundary spanner randomly establishes a relation with a boundary spanner of another organization. Spanner's designs included dining and lounge chairs, tables, and modular storage units. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The only tools required to assemble models were a screwdriver and spanners (wrenches). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The boundary spanner regulatory process is the mechanism by which boundary spanners are selected by each organization in the inter-organizational network. Boundary spanners identification, intergroup contact and effective intergroup relations. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. An agent or boundary spanner is satisfied if and only if the fact required by it is the same as the fact it has access to. The promotion of agents to the boundary spanner role and their potential demotion is based upon trustworthiness or reliability ranking of all organizational entities (agents and boundary spanners). The addition of the boundary spanner role to the original model results in new interaction trust relations. Of course, it is important to continuously monitor the exchange activity of an organizational boundary spanner in order to ensure that it is consistent with the norms of the organization. Their inspectors assessed each hotel and garage and awarded between one and five stars in the case of hotels and one to three spanners to garages. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Designing approximation algorithms with spanners; 20. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. If an entity that was previously a boundary spanner in the last reliability ranking computation is not present among the top x in the present, then a demotion occurs. In that event, the boundary spanner acts as a pseudo-initiator of the fact, since in relation to the agent-initiator, all extra-organizational entities (boundary spanners and agents) would be unintended receivers. Each organization in the inter-organizational network elects a certain predefined percentage of its constituent agents to the role of boundary spanner based upon the boundary spanner regulatory process described earlier. In inter-organizational or inter-firm exchange, the role of the boundary spanner, an organizational representative, is important in reducing asymmetries that may exist between the two parties. If a boundary spanner propagates a fact over the organizational boundary, it monitors the path of that fact, as well, and shares the fact pedigree of the original initiator agent. Must he wear dungarees and carry a spanner? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There is confusion in the minds of the electors and it also throws no small spanner into the electoral machinery. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 At this critical point this spanner is thrown into the works. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 However, a spanner was dropped in that particular works. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 A spanner has been thrown into the whole of the delicate machinery of production, distribution and exchange. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The fact is that he has come armed with a spanner to throw into the works, whether it is his intention or not. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 If it is a machinery clause, we seek, by our amendment, to remove the spanner from the works. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We are not trying to throw a spanner in the works. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I do not want to put a spanner in the wheel or slow up the development that is taking place. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 He will inevitably find that he has thrown a spanner into the works of wage negotiations. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Who was it who threw a spanner in the works? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 He asked for a spanner or a small tool, and someone had to spend about half an hour fetching it. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 If anyone is going to put a spanner in the works and prevent it happening amicably, it will not be myself. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Do not muck up the whole thing by throwing a nationalisation spanner into the works. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Another spanner in the works at that time was the late announcement of the rate support grant. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 If this was a spanner at all, it was intended to be used for a good purpose. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 A spanner can fall into a machine accidentally or by design. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Why throw this spanner into the works at this stage? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The urban development corporation will be no more than a spanner in the works. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 A man can get cancer merely by picking up what he believes is an ordinary spanner and putting it in his thigh pocket. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In short, we put spanners in the works. As boundary spanners' (as representatives) and their constituent agents' fact requirements are satisfied, those fact requests are removed from the fact request repository. A boundary spanner's accessible facts are only those received from agents or boundary spanners in the current cycle, as they do not generate facts. Inter-organizational trust develops over the course of the multiple interactions of an organization's constituent boundary spanners. Each agent, except boundary spanners, in an organization has a personal requirement for a fact and produces a fact. Interorganizational relations are those at the inter-organizational level of trust (collectively held by the constituent agents and boundary spanners). A boundary spanner's fact requirements, however, will vary upon the addition and removal of facts from the fact request repository. In the case of an external sales force, however, the problem is compounded by the fact that salespeople are 'boundary spanners'. The trust relations between agents and boundary spanners are those at the inter-personal level of trust. The ability to deal with risk and the ability to develop trust will depend upon the boundary spanner's ability to comprehend formal processes and sense-making. Inter-personal trust that is established by boundary spanners of one organization in boundary spanners of another organization influences over time the inter-organizational trust of the former organization in the latter. Since trust is an individual-level phenomenon, trust building at the inter-organizational level depends upon the trust relations established by an organization's boundary spanners with the boundary spanners of partner organizations. The individual participants (agents and organizations, on behalf of their constituent boundary spanners) of the network are given the responsibility of deciding, based on trust, with whom they interact. The communication networks that ensure the effective dissemination of information between boundary spanners and their colleagues form over a period of time through both formal and informal contacts. Boundary spanners are also known as pseudo-initiators of facts that they receive from agents within the organization and share with other boundary spanners of partner organizations in the interorganizational network. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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