| 词汇 | example_english_social-insurance |
| 释义 | Examples of social insuranceThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The more generous socialinsurance regimes accumulate larger capital stock and exhibit greater capital- output and especially capital-labor ratios. Another type is in the balance between elements of reciprocity and solidarity within socialinsurance schemes. The socialinsurance schemes discussed above all provide this. While these statistical results are fairly robust, one can question the extent to which they imply a causal link between religiosity and socialinsurance. This is an alternative measure of preferences in the electorate for interventionist economic policies in general and generous socialinsurance policies more specifically. We begin with a baseline model that considers preferences for socialinsurance when religion does not enter as a factor. These characteristics had a significant impact on the overall levels of socialinsurance provided by the law. Although they might be used to cover the cost of socialinsurance, general revenues can also be rerouted to other priorities. The intention of the 1983 reforms to increase the tax-financed share of spending at the expense of socialinsurance was also only modestly satisfied. The retrenchment of socialinsurance has not been compensated with a concomitant expansion of social assistance provision. Here, welfare recipients are less supportive of traditional moral principles, while socialinsurance participants are more so. With worsening economic conditions, the population's search for alternative socialinsurance turned toward participation in reconstituted kinship groups. Increasingly healthcare consumption is determined by system wide guidelines rather than individual preferences, and it is financed from either general taxation or socialinsurance. Workers' compensation legislation provided a significant form of socialinsurance that was, in practice, partly financed by workers. Yet another is that the majority accept basic market principles but increasingly also want governments that can provide decent social services and socialinsurance. Increasingly, social scientists are drawing our attention to the instrumental motives of the supporters of socialinsurance. Since the 1950s, any move toward greater national involvement has been linked not to socialinsurance but to occupational safety and health. They have been trying to synchronise economic re-structuring with reforms in the realms of socialinsurance, unemployment insurance and social assistance. Again, the coefficients for the socialinsurance scale and the welfare scale are both very small and non-significant. Yet we already have an insurance system that permits both adequate, egalitarian cover and genetic screening: socialinsurance. Often, the landmark socialinsurance law of 1928 is mentioned in one sentence or paragraph by historians. What remained of the overall concept was a combination of virtually all branches of socialinsurance with family subsidies. This was a drain on resources and reduced the credibility of the socialinsurance system in the eyes of the general public. It examines the existence of the socialinsurance trade-off between efficiency and equality in a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents and moral hazard. Means-tested benefits are targeted to a limited clientele of the needy, and socialinsurance schemes provide modest benefits. This is consistent with the religious "coping effect" hypothesis-that religious individuals are less supportive of socialinsurance programs. I will focus on the most relevant setting for the discussion of redistribution through devices such as taxes and benefits, socialinsurance, and public assistance. Offering similar incentives for workmen's compensation programs was far less feasible because the program operated on socialinsurance rather than public assistance principles. Beyond the medium socialinsurance regime, the component planners use so much of future incentives that inequality begins to increase. The increased interest in socialinsurance signals a return to collective forms of health financing and the greater potential for equity in terms of contributions. In social security systems based on socialinsurance, the higher postseparation costs of children might be addressed through introducing insurance for the risk of separation. There are 12 socialinsurance regime steady states defined by the minimum guaranteed consumption. The idea of subsidizing "socialinsurance" through the federal budget was considered inadequate. After the federation in step-bystep fashion had been empowered to regulate socialinsurance, fiscal and social policy responsibilities increasingly failed to coincide. Second, the program hardly qualified as socialinsurance. Both the new long-term care insurance and the reformed public pension insurance point to a re-adjustment of the socialinsurance logic. The complexity of this process is reduced by the fact that each region usually has one dominant socialinsurance agency. The introduction of a comprehensive, non-contributory scheme to supplement contribution-based socialinsurance should be seriously considered in the pension reform debate. For instance, many older people do not have a full contribution socialinsurance record and hence do not qualify for the complete contributions (minimum) pension. Finance for public health care is raised by a mixture of general taxation, socialinsurance (payroll tax) contributions and local tax. There is substantial evidence from both high-income and low-income countries that taxes and social insurance schemes provide the most equitable basis for healthcare financing. It is not clear that consistently generous individuals receive prestige, support, or socialinsurance beyond kin and close friends. That is how socialinsurance used to work. About 90 per cent of the population are covered by a pay-as-you-go insurance scheme (' socialinsurance '). Since it accounted for the largest share of government expenditure, socialinsurance was given particular attention. They also argue that socialinsurance pensions are better able to provide for carers and atypical workers than are multi-pillar systems. In the following two sections, we discuss examples of social assistance and socialinsurance benefit administration which are not located in cell (1). The report shows that migration may explain how health care and socialinsurance are used, but is not a sufficient explanation. More generally, there is the view that socialinsurance is in a 'crisis' requiring radical government action, which slow consensual policy processes impede. We have concentrated on examples where financial responsibility is devolved to subnational governments and autonomous socialinsurance institutions. As a result, the referendum has geared socialinsurance towards a liberal trajectory. Although professional divisions between socialinsurance schemes exist in many countries, the welfare state is generally meant to reinforce solidarity between citizens. From this starting point, the strong arguments in principle for socialinsurance look much weaker. Part of this exercise involves carefully re-specifying just what exactly is being struggled over in the development of socialinsurance. That leaves only one possibility: income testing socialinsurance. But socialinsurance recipients show no such tendencies. On the one hand, efficiency falls monotonically with socialinsurance. This model focuses on incentive effects from a moral hazard problem related to socialinsurance programs. In the low socialinsurance regime, the poorest quintile provides 40% of the total labor supply. Is there an optimal level of socialinsurance that would lower inequality without worsening too much the efficiency of the economy? The relevant sectors are households, enterprises, a government, a socialinsurance fund and a foreign sector. There is less consensus, however, about the extent to which non-economic factors also influence individual preferences regarding socialinsurance provision. Failure to do anything was simply not an option once outside pressures had pushed socialinsurance and other reforms onto the agenda. This had immediate implications for the fiscal solvency of the socialinsurance trust funds. Economic difficulties and the resulting crisis in socialinsurance programs highlighted the fact that there 53. In some trials, health care has been allocated resources to help reduce the costs to the socialinsurance system. For all employees of provincial and municipal governmental bodies, there is a similar socialinsurance scheme (covering about 6% of the population). Private insurance companies in general follow the socialinsurance boards' policies. Nonetheless, policy adoption may be an imperfect test of the hypothesis that the extent of socialinsurance is decreasing in levels of religiosity. As a result, the "coping effect" will lead religious individuals to prefer a lower level of socialinsurance provision. One thing worth mentioning is that households belonging to the richest decile have the highest level of socialinsurance. In contributory socialinsurance, benefits are indeed conditional on a proper contributory history. Reforms within socialinsurance may well affect the overall balance between these two institutional realms. The socialinsurance bill called for sickness, retirement, and invalidity insurance, with supplemental benefits for maternity and death. The economic aspects of male hormone therapy should be reconsidered fully during a time when socialinsurance reimbursements are being seriously rethought. Only in this way are component planners able to induce labor effort that is not drastically lower than that in the low socialinsurance regime. While socialinsurance policy did not change dramatically, its financial position and impact on welfare did. Under systems of socialinsurance, control of moral hazard may be best addressed through supply-side reimbursement policies. Volume 2 also presents an estimate of the total socioeconomic costs for neck and low back pain and a comparison of different socialinsurance systems. When neither the family, nor the standard socialinsurance system, nor employment provides sufficient support, all that remains is meanstested social assistance. The discussion about this concept of socialinsurance covered the whole period from the end of the war up to 1948. The cornerstone of socialinsurance is a three-pillar system of financial support, namely public, occupational and private insurance. The fear is that the longer-living early retirees will make socialinsurance insolvent. Note that under socialinsurance neither condition necessarily holds. Neither is a socialinsurance scheme necessarily actuarial on the benefits side. In many cases the cost is born by a private insurer, socialinsurance fund, or tax funded health system. Statistics on socialinsurance/welfare organizations exist only for the period since 1969. Its aim is to show how different structures of multi-level governance may address problems in financing and administering social assistance and socialinsurance. In some cases, it may be appropriate to see a socialinsurance body as essentially a government department by another name. Another alternative is that socialinsurance institutions are parts of a system of multi-level governance. Instead, the federal government preferred socialinsurance which was predominantly to be financed by contributions. Meanwhile, under the guise of an 'active welfare state' it allows the principle of socialinsurance to sink further below the political horizon. These would now be transferred to them via the existing state socialinsurance system. At the time, this was a very advanced form of socialinsurance. More of them were employed, more of them enjoyed socialinsurance benefits including a state-earnings-related pension. The subgroups receiving socialinsurance and welfare benefits are largely independent of each other. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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