| 词汇 | example_english_shrub |
| 释义 | Examples of shrubThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Trees > 1 and 5 m tall were classed separately because they include the majority of shrubs. The dry period was defined as the period with no rain in between but only as long as sampled shrubs had l eaves. Type 1 consisted of perennial herbs and shrubs capable of immediate germination. Another noteworthy factor is the value of seed retention for certain shrubs that are generally not considered susceptible to long-term transportation via animal coats. Fodder trees (the ter m as used here includes shrubs) can provide such high quality feed. Seeds passed by the primate community came from 125 species of trees, lianas and shrubs, equivalent to at least 34% of the known tree flora. Transplanting shrubs has the added advantage that they may reduce wind speed at ground level and thereby combat wind erosion at reclamation sites. Small ruminants kept in pen, droppings mixed with grasses and shrubs. Subsequent rotting of the shrubs left empty moulds. The morning after witnesses the city's water services literally hosing down trees and shrubs in an attempt to dilute the chemical mix. The effect of altitude on foliar nutrient concentration of shrubs and herbs was similar to that on foliar nutrient concentration of trees. In particular, the richness and abundance of dioecious and mammal-dispersed trees and shrubs were examined to identify potential associations with precipitation, anthropogenic disturbance, and area. Effects of shrubs on tree seedling establishment in an abandoned tropical pasture. Germination in the holly woodland (48%), under the shrubs (46%) and in grassland (46%) were very similar. None of the predictor variables significantly affected percentage of species of shrubs, non-climbing herbaceous plants and herbaceous vines. Is this proportion different inside the holly woodland, along the forest edge, in open grassland and under isolated shrubs? A larger proportion of lianas, understorey trees and shrubs are evergreen. The types of land use were agriculture, wetlands, shrubs and prairies, forest plantations, mixed (plantation/natural) forests, old-growth forests, snow and glacier, and barren areas. Such small shrubs and grass as appear during the rains disappear soon after the middle of the dry season. Just before the third season begins, the shrubs are cut and the leaves are incorporated into the soil during land preparation. The food crop (bean) was intercropped between the fallow shrubs to ensure that the farmer benefited from the land in terms of the bean yields. They also dug canals to drain water from swamps, disturbed the soils in springs and removed shrubs that had protected riverbanks. There was little relationship between vegetation cover (tall g rass, short g rass and shrubs) a nd food availability. None of the shrubs higher than 30 cm died during the drought. The second result of this analysis was the large scattering of shrubs within stations, especially numbers 4 and 7, which revealed an important within-station variability. To determine the isotopic composition of the existing vegetation, grasses and leaves of trees and shrubs at five sites within a plot were clipped separately. However, plant competition, including factors such as density and size of the shrubs, also affects plant growth. A third treatment was established by initially removing all shrubs, trees and v ines of 0.5-3 m height, while leaving the canopy intact. The vegetation of the study site is characterized by spreading trees, shrubs and succulent plants with thorns. During the dry season the herbaceous layer dies off, and the majority of trees and shrubs lose their leaves. Seeds and seedlings of two neotropical understorey shrubs respond differently to anthropogenic edges and treefall gaps. We used binoculars if necessary for the observation and counted the number of marked trees and shrubs bearing mature fruits. Characteristically, successful plant species are epilithic and adapted to quick water uptake, and the few shrubs and trees grow in association with cavities or crevices. Approximately 73% of these plants were classified as trees and shrubs (149 spp.) and 27% were lianas (55 spp.). They are understorey shrubs with large (c. 20-40 cm long when fully expanded), long-lived (>2 y) leaves. From a physiognomic viewpoint, this savanna is almost pure grassland with isolated shrubs or low trees. Average basal area and height of shrubs was greatest in cerrado aberto. Genetic variation, differentiation, and evolution in a species complex of tropical shrubs based on isozyme data. In many parts, however, the shade of the dominant tree species keeps the forest floor open and free of shrubs. Along the chronosequence, trees, shrubs and lianas have similar basal area, density and mean height values at the two distances from the forest border. Improved fallows involve the enrichment or replacement of natural fallows with planted nitrogen-fixing shrubs. The height and elliptical crown area of all shrubs in each plot were measured. Of these, 33 were trees, 7 shrubs, 1 herb and 16 climbers. Of these, 41 species were trees, 14 shrubs, 2 herbs and 10 climbers. The park was filled with flowering shrubs and trees. Trees and shrubs were uprooted, the terrain was superficially cultivated to a depth of 150 mm and ridges (1m wide, 0.6 m high) were prepared. Clearing is practised during the dry season, and consists in cutting trees and shrubs at or near the base of the stems. The majority of taxa at all sites were trees and shrubs. We recorded in total 47 taxa of trees and shrubs, 14 taxa of climbing plants (lianas and vines) and 14 herbaceous taxa. The summer aspect is pale and parched because of the leafless trees and shrubs and a dried-up herb layer. Species classified as herbs, however, were completely different from species classified as shrubs or trees. Effect of shrubs on tree seedling establishment in an abandoned tropical pasture. The influence of grazing was far more marked for variation in ground-layer plants, shrubs and all plants than it was for any vertebrate group. There is a variable subcanopy of smaller trees and tall shrubs (3-12 m tall). The quantitative inventory was not sufficiently extensive to register the smaller size classes to adequately sample herbaceous forbs, epiphytes and shrubs. Diurnal variations of photosynthesis and dew absorption by leaves in two evergreen shrubs growing in mediterranean field conditions. The distance between 20 different fruiting shrubs and the ant refuse piles of ten different colonies was measured. The island lacks trees or shrubs and the vegetation consists of tussock grassland and low herbland with some bare areas with patchy mosses. We also observed that replacement of leaf area in trees and shrubs occurred within a month after loss even prior to the onset of the rainy season. The hermaphroditic breeding system was the most abundant by number of individuals of trees and shrubs at all sites, with dioecy the second most abundant breeding system at five sites. Substrate samples were collected from trees and shrubs at 1-4 m height above ground, and from the canopy accessed by the crane 10-15 m above ground. Seasonal drought and the phenology of understory shrubs in a tropical moist forest. Leguminous forage shrubs for acid soils in the tropics. From 1987 to 1994, the time this experiment started, the stand remained open and was dominated b y g rasses a nd ferns, with some scattered shrubs and trees. Comparative physiology and demography of three neotropical forest shrubs: alternative shade-adaptive character syndromes. Micro-site effects of trees and shrubs in dry savannas. Seasonal drought and the phenology of understorey shrubs in tropical moist forest. Dynamics of soil-stored seed banks of six shrubs in fire-prone dune fynbos. Eighteen of the 19 sites chosen for sampling at the five stations were covered by trees, shrubs or grasses, and one site was a new, unvegetated landslide. Photosynthetic plasticity of two rain forest shrubs across natural gap transects. Adaptations to heterogeneous habitats: life-history characters of trees and shrubs. Statistical units (shrubs) are identified by squares. Plasticity of leaf anatomy of two rain forest shrubs in relation to photosynthetic light acclimation. Percentages of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees/shrubs were similar in reference forest, pre-burn, and 1-d post-burn soils; herbs were the most common growth form. Australian tropical rain forest plants, trees, shrubs and vines. Seasonal drought and the phenology of understorey shrubs in a tropical moist forest. Marked and rapid environmental degradation is particularly indicated by the fall in non-arboreal pollen, which indicates widespread alteration of low-lying vegetation and shrubs, presumably owing to agriculture. Relationships between shrubs and annual communities in a sandy desert ecosystem: a three-year study. In the rainy season the forest becomes lush green due to the presence of fully expanded leaves of trees and shrubs and a dense herbaceous layer. Trees, shrubs and vines grew at higher densities in small sized gaps (49- 82 m2) suggesting that plant recovery was faster in these sites than in larger ones. Global-scale climatic controls of leaf dry mass per area, density, and thickness in trees and shrubs. Seasonal drought and the phenology of understory shrubs in a tropical semi-evergreen forest. Effect of accessibility on rates of fruit removal from tropical shrubs: an experimental study. Influence of savannas trees and shrubs on understorey grasses and soils: new directions in research. A resilient forest, maintaining a diverse ground cover of shrubs and herbaceous species, requires a mixed fire regime. Following the harvest of the crop, the shrubs are allowed to grow for a second season. At its richest, on good soils in warm, sheltered spots, tundra can form lush meadows, thickets of tussock grasses and low shrubs. The protection of shrubs, especially during the first season, is an important issue. The richest growth form category was herbs (19 genera), followed by shrubs, trees and vines (11 genera). Savannas are characterized by a continuous grass layer interspersed with trees and shrubs. Photosynthetic responses to dynamic light under field conditions in six tropical rainforest shrubs occurring along a light gradient. As the forest ages, trees (especially those in the canopy) will have higher access to light than shrubs. Trees and shrubs had a higher incidence of dioecy (20.1%) than lianas (3.6%). The savanna is frequently interrupted by patches of pastures, crops, shrubs and gallery forests along the rivers, giving a mosaic appearance to the landscape. One to several young fully developed leaves per plant were harvested, using pruning shears for trees and shrubs. The terrestrial biomass consists of trees, shrubs, and grasses, while the wetland or aquatic biomass constitutes submerged, floating and emergent species. Less obvious mechanisms of longdistance dispersal should, therefore, be responsible for the arrival of pioneer shrubs at locations where new populations are established. The results indicate a potential role of herbivore endozoochory for the long-distance dispersal of dry-fruited shrubs and their potential colonization of distant sites. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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