| 词汇 | example_english_security |
| 释义 | Examples of securityThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Listed equity is composed of equity securities of listed corporations and units in listed unit trusts. More generally, we have given no justification for why the securities market is incomplete in our model. First, the returns may not be comparable because we are generating returns on securities with payoffs denominated in terms of the consumption good. There are minimum requirements for the admission of securities and conditions for the derogations. The first channel is a more developed capital market resulting from pension reforms, thus making the issuing of securities cheaper. In those days if you got a move of 4/32nd's in the government securities market, it was considered a turbulent day. In particular, the market may become less efficient informationally when derivative securities are introduced. However, under this preference, an investor's holding of risky securities is independent of his wealth, as are the equilibrium prices. Section 4 considers the special case in which the securities market is complete. The uncertainties and anxieties that accompany this fast pace of change leaves them hankering after the imagined certitudes and securities of a more 'stable' past. A weak financial system-reflecting an underperforming banking system, poor investment protection and corporate governance, or fragile securities markets-yields a high cost of financial intermediation. There also may be other securities with payoffs contingent on public information. Central banks joined the fray, liquidating their foreign securities to avoid capital losses in the event of a foreign devaluation. The existence (and the creation) of multiple agents as in the cases of energy and securities tends to increase the control capacity of the principal. By the early 1980s, cross-border flows of capital had reached enormous volumes, and issuance and trading of securities on international markets burgeoned. State borrowing is easier if a large-scale market for government securities exists. Under the ' zeroing ' mechanism the acquisition of government securities became a profitable and practically risk-free business for banks. In this case, banks are only underwriters of securities ; they do not hold them on their balance sheets. Through these funds, banks bought indexed government securities and funded them by issuing short-term indexed deposits, offered to the public. How would the market in securities be regulated? The other polar case is that every consumer is restricted from participating in the securities market. Unlisted equity includes equity securities of unlisted corporations, units in unlisted private trusts, and interests in ventures. Modeling the actual process of introducing derivative securities is also beyond the scope of this paper. Second, the existence of nontraded income and its correlation with returns on traded securities generate allocational trade in the market. Except securities 0 and 1, all securities are of zero net supply. We consider an economy with an incomplete securities market and heterogeneously informed investors. The results follow because poor people try to annuitize most of their wealth if such annuity securities are available. In the absence of state-contingent securities, the story is quite different. The net impact of introducing derivatives on the informational efficiency of the securities market depends on the interaction between these two effects. One fund holds its entire portfolio in fixed income securities, whereas other funds have none or only few fixed income holdings. The pension funds themselves were initially important shareholders of the company in charge of securities' custody. Prior to time t = 0, both agents have zero endowments of the three financial securities. However, it is also clear that this regulatory structure secures a captive source of funds for private banks and firms that issue domestic securities. Prominent politicians, with large holdings of listed stocks or direct stakes in securities companies, had highly narrow and private pursuits in connection with market development. A good case in point rests with the tortuous move towards revamping the regulatory framework governing securities markets. Over time, the structure of the securities market changes as new securities are introduced. Not only does introducing derivative securities change the allocational efficiency, but it also changes the informational efficiency of the market. When investors have symmetric information, the role of the securities market is primarily to allocate risks among investors. They believed that international securities transactions would open a niche for them to compete with the banks. Such firms may have an interest in vertical or horizontal holding of corporate securities. Many states liberalized their laws well before the development of industrial securities of the 1890s. Fixed interest consists of loans and debt securities with individuals, unlisted corporations, unlisted private trusts, and all others. In order to provide a safe rate of return for retirees many of the plans have the government-run fund invest in government securities. The central decision maker can build an optimal aggregate portfolio if active managers are required to hold securities in proportion to their alpha-to-non-systemic-risk ratio. Most of the system assets are invested in term deposits and government securities. They cite the civil aircraft, chemical, securities, software, detergent, apparel and chocolate industries. He has currently postponed doctoral studies to pursue a career in securities. At the general level, a member state may exempt some securities from the provisions of the directive and authorize derogations. No building was required, entirely agricultural land could qualify, and there were no securities against fictitious votes. In contrast to the case of symmetric information, introducing derivative securities can increase the equity premium and price volatility under asymmetric information. There is general agreement that riskier securities are rewarded by larger expected returns, within a given time period. Most of this research has focused on the single-period risk-return trade-off among different securities. Dividends from the equity-like securities were taken to be aggregate per-capita dividend income. In particular, an investor's demand for derivative securities is derived endogenously from his optimal consumption and investment policies under the new market structure. Investors purchase shares in the fund and are not owners of the underlying securities purchased by the fund administrators. In such markets, any pre-desired arbitrary payoff can not be achieved through investing in a portfolio of marketable securities. Financial wealth includes bank deposits, stock holdings, fixed-income securities, and mutual funds. Assuming adequate information and appropriate incentives to fund managers, this should imply an efficient allocation of funds and correct valuation of securities. They are incomplete in the sense that labor market claims cannot be priced using financial market securities. Demand deposits, meanwhile, would be fully backed by highly liquid securities rather than by nonmarketable loans, as is the case today. One fund holds its entire portfolio in fixed income securities, whereas other funds have none, or only a minute portion of fixed income holdings. Second, although the conflict was domestic in nature, increased international capital mobility and securities market-based financing in the international financial system benefited the weaker party to this conflict, the bolseros. However, the success of monetary policy implementation also demands the existence of exchange rate, government securities, and equity markets that can make the financial system more liquid. Not all fixed income securities belong to the same risk category, but, for the sake of simplicity, fixed income is regarded in this study as investments with no limitations. A portfolio of investments, instead, is characterised by equity securities, debt securities in the form of bonds and notes, other money market instruments and financial derivatives. We examine the efficiency of the securities market in allocating risk and transmitting information under different market structures, as defined by the set of securities traded in the market. Instead of sharing the securities of community and well-known traditions, many people gradually have felt disaffected and alienated as they perceive themselves being treated like goods in a global marketplace. In turn, they used these securities to avoid the deposit losses (' money flight ') that usually occurs in economies under high inflation rates, leading to banking crisis. Were this the case then the fall in traditional loans would be offset, at least in part, by an increase in the share of private securities. In my youth, a proposal to place part of the trust funds in private securities would have been labeled socialism and seen as increasing government control of the private economy. The purchase of government securities by government-run pension funds allows the government to use the money raised to provide various types of governmentsupplied goods to the private sector. The investment portfolio of a pension fund is here divided into five asset classes: long-term fixed income securities, equity, short-term money market instruments, real estate, and other investments. Such findings suggest distinct forecasting horizons for the various sector assets, and may signal important differences in how such groups of securities respond to economic events. On the one hand, the prices of new securities provide additional signals for investors to learn about other investors' private information, making the market informationally more efficient. There are additional powers that can accrue to management, including the power to control accounting (202), and to alter the original contract rights of securities holders (207). The equilibrium is solved under two different market structures, one with only the primary securities being traded, and the other with both the primary and the derivative securities. Predictably, the addition of securities and trading strategies results in growth-optimal portfolios with much larger ex post continuously compounded average returns with which to confront asset pricing relations. In finance, however, it was more in securities and capital markets, that regulatory reform was shaped by veto structures in general and by federalism in particular. Mortgage-backed securities have not yet been developed. Thus, in changing the market structure, we restrict our attention to the set of derivative securities whose payoffs depend only on the market prices of other traded securities. The amendment also includes in the definition of privileged information any information regarding the purchase or sale of securities carried out in the market by institutional investors. The new four-level approach is expected to enhance the overall policy effectiveness in the securities sector, provided that the risk of agency loss is well under control. An inquiry into competition aspects as described in paragraph 15 can contribute to creating a transparent securities market. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English I think it was a great stroke of genius for us to draw a distinction between equity and non-equity securities. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English In addition, we own dollar securities worth about another 1,000 million. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The rate would have to be equivalent to that on gilt-edged securities or higher. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 No duty was owed, said the court, where the defendant merely possessed material nonpublic information relating to the securities in which he traded. Effective supervision of securities firms of their employees and agents is a foundation of the federal regulatory scheme of investor protection. In normal circumstances the yield on ordinary shares exceeds that on gilt-edged securities because the former asset involves a greater degree of risk. British investors found the securities issued by overseas railroads and governments attractive investments and bought them in large amounts. One method is the issue of" marketable debt" or government securities: treasury bills and government bonds. If all banks sell securities, they will all lose deposits and balances as their own customers buy securities. A feature throughout their history has been a very high level of investment in overseas securities. The securities dealing floor has lasted, albeit with much controversy. As we shall see, these claims may then be traded on the" secondary" market, the market for already existing securities. Consequently, this was curbed by an attack on the laundering of money earned by drug dealers, through banks, corporate ownership and securities transactions. Legislation over the next thirty years continued to decrease the role of securities markets and enhance bank control over the financial system. Rather, both created facilitating conditions that supported the domestically driven process of moving from a bank-dominated financial system to one based on securities markets. Therefore, only the last three institutional investors mentioned above are significant as final demand for private securities. In this sense, we may conclude that delegation has enhanced policy effectiveness in the securities sector. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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