| 词汇 | example_english_relative-clause |
| 释义 | Examples of relative clauseThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Predictably, no modifiers can then intervene between the head and the relativeclause. The experimenter described the target photograph using a relativeclause sentence and pointed out how the photographs differed from each other. To be able to address the problem of crossover however, we shall need to add an account of relativeclause modification - as clause adjunct structures. The latter, however, is within a relativeclause, and should not be available to bind the pronoun. A biased felicitous condition would provide two referents for the noun that is modified by the relativeclause. At any time during a given discourse situation, a proposition can either be presupposed or expressed via a parenthetical (or a non-restrictive relativeclause). If the nominal head moves, the relativeclause also moves along with it. As in previous studies, children did make the relativeclause refer to the main clause subject in a sizeable proportion of their responses. For what could be wrong with allowing "blue" and "long" to attach to a noun phrase directly, without the formation of a relativeclause? Consider the competition in head-final languages between opposing preferences for the ordering of relativeclause and head. For this group there are also correlations between their results on the language screening tests and the results on the relativeclause tests. The relativeclause construction is the only one that is not amenable to a more domain oriented solution. The interaction factor group complexity 0 length of the relativeclause exer ts a statistically significant effect on the zero form across all communities. Other information that might help learners disambiguate relativeclause attachment ambiguities includes, for example, pragmatic or contextual information. Either the relativized head raises from an internal position to that of the relativeclause or it is base-generated in its surface position. Relativeclause attachment is one area of grammar where cross-language differences in syntactic ambiguity resolution preferences have been found. The term ' relativeclause construction ' is a label for a large set. The presence of the copula was required only when a superordinate was not followed by a relativeclause. In other words, example (7) is ambiguous between an interpretation as main and relativeclause. Both definitions have a full relativeclause, and use the nominal complement marker (some)thing as a dummy superordinate. Certainly, the semantic relation of the relativeclause with respect to its head is identical in the two strategies. The test sentences were read without a marked pause between the main clause and the relativeclause. However, because there were no grammatical markers to distinguish subject and object relative clauses, the subject relativeclause reading was maintained. This study also manipulated the placement of the relative in the sentence so that sometimes the nearest clause was the relativeclause: 27. This relativeclause can be used to characterize other animals, or be embedded in further sentences, and so forth. The difference between (1a) and (1b) is usually described as the result of optional extraposition of the relativeclause. An early acquired form, the subject relativeclause, is initially used with intransitive predicates to introduce new referents into the story. The relativeclause is usually introduced by a determiner, sometimes agreeing with the head. Relativeclause wh-phrases are introduced only in one exercise. With such sentences, children often fail to interpret the object of the matrix clause (the duck) as the subject of the relativeclause. While parsing the relativeclause the parser doesn't know what the head noun is, and hence all possible referring pronouns have to be collected. In restrictive relative clauses the relativeclause is construed as delimiting the domain over which the variable ranges. The relativeclause in each sentence modified a complement or an object. Instead of dividing the relativeclause from the rest of the sentence, the relativeclause is itself divided. Rather, the utterance is a relativeclause (' 'the motorbike that you bought' ') being used to specify a particular toy. But the relativeclause in (i) is clearly not lacking any such denotation (it is supplied by beverage). Utterances with a relativeclause but without a completed main clause were coded in this category. Errors of this kind are especially prevalent among 4-year-olds where they reached around 30% for the adjunct relativeclause case. Until fairly recently, one + relativeclause or adjectival phrase was normal style in dictionary definitions. The relativeclause has a cat chasing a dog and the main clause describes the size of one of these animals. Materials included 50 sentences in total (25 grammatical, 25 ungrammatical), all of which were relativeclause constructions of various types. It is generally assumed that there is a predication relationship between the head noun of a relative and the relativeclause itself. The goal is to present the subjects with a stimulus to which the normal response will be a relativeclause of a particular type. Experiments 1 to 4 provide evidence that children are aware of the block on a proper name as head of a restrictive relativeclause. Across the questionnaires, each relativeclause occurred in each of the four conditions. For the purposes of the present study, six sentences containing a relativeclause were constructed. For example, 4 represents an "empty subject" transformation, and 4 represents a "relativeclause" transformation. A relativeclause can also modify a noun, and such clauses, like all modifiers, precede the noun. The head generally precedes the relativeclause, which contains a gap corresponding to the head. Section 1 summarizes an ongoing debate concerning whether there is a default mechanism for relativeclause formation in child grammars. These hypotheses are based on different rationales and make different predictions on the difficulty order of different relativeclause sentence types. Speaking individuals produced the observed constituent order patterns with the intention that they would be interpreted as relativeclause sentences. Their performance is at near-chance levels for the more complex syntactic structures of wh-questions and relativeclause structures. Eight pictures on the display represented the nouns and verbs used in the experimental task, the relativeclause production task. The parser's final choice to attach the relativeclause high or low will depend on semantic and interpretative considerations. A subjunctive relativeclause, in contrast, would demand access to other possible worlds. There are many languages where the highest verb in a relativeclause shows special morphology. In (105a), the whole object is moved rightward for the infinite regress resolution, while the relativeclause is moved rightward in (105b). The complex subject that incorporates a relativeclause licenses a subordinate f-structure that does not involve the rule of predication. In these clauses the parser binds the head noun to the function it fills in the relativeclause. The interaction factor group of complexity 0 length of the relativeclause exer ts a statistically significant effect across all communities here, as well. Consider, for example, relativeclause attachment ambiguities in sentences such as (1). No such contrast is found in the classifier-mismatch conditions (9c, d), indicating that long-distance scrambling is blocked when classifiers cue an upcoming relativeclause. The usual experimental procedure, however, has been to present children with each of three different objects as possible referents for the relativeclause subject. Their chapter contains very helpful tables summarizing the studies on the grammar of conversation, from relativeclause markers to degree adverbs, to passive auxiliaries. The complex structure investigated was that of relativeclause sentences. In section 6.2 we examine the interaction between prenominal definiteness marking and relative clauses, and show that the observed behavior follows from independently motivated assumptions about relativeclause formation. The grammar presented here provides an account of extraction, pied piping and relativeclause ' stacking ' without appeal to transformational operations, transderivational competition, or invisible (' empty ') categories of any kind. I suggest that the distinction is an artificial one imposed in the literary language and subject to a rule entirely independent of the syntactic structure of the relativeclause. This includes a reduced relativeclause. They also make the case for a further concept, ' syntactic word ', exemplifying this possibility with a construction which is analysed as involving an incorporated relativeclause (190). The role of lexical biases in relativeclause ambiguity resolution. In this sentence the relativeclause is much more naturally understood to be restrictive, and it is only the comma that points away from that reading. The development of relativeclause functions in narrative. As in standard relativeclause elicitation protocols, there were items similar to the target object present in the context in order to create the need for elaborate descriptions. This study compared word-by-word reading times in sentences that contained a relativeclause, but with either a matching or mismatching classifier-noun sequence at the start of the relativeclause. According to this hypothesis, relativeclause sentences in which the identical noun phrases have the same grammatical function in their respective clauses would be easier to process. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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