| 词汇 | example_english_re-election |
| 释义 | Examples of re-electionThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Furthermore, there are no term limits and parties are obliged to nominate incumbents desiring re-election regardless of their conduct in office. Provincial rivalries for power were slowly eliminated, internal conflict reduced, and presidents succeeded one another observing the principle of no re-election. We expect that these cross-pressured members had a harder time securing re-election because they were less in line with their national parties and their constituencies. Their chances of winning increase as the chance of the incumbents' re-election decreases, so the opposition benefits from revelations of corruption involving incumbents. We expect such variables to have a positive impact on the option of running for re-election, since they increase the payoffs for staying in office. It holds true to the fundamental assumption that candidates are motivated by re-election and that the median voter exerts real centripetal pull. For example, suppose a particular deputy is twice as likely to run for re-election as to retire. In four of these five, the incumbents ensured that the new rules guaranteed their own re-election. When a backbencher's re-election does not strongly depend on party label, do party rules affect who is likely to rebel against party leaders? Had he done so, his incumbency advantages and great popularity would have assured him re-election. Closed party lists, for instance, encourage discipline because of party leaders' influence over a candidate's re-election. Table 1 presents the data as average re-election rates per election and turnover per year. Invariably, they see a strong economy as a boon for an incumbent's re-election hopes and a weak economy as a curse on them. While the ban on re-election allowed him to replace unfriendly governors, it also made credible his supposed commitment to allow alternation in power. If they are sufficiently unpopular, the costs may greatly exceed the benefits (of re-election). At the local level, the re-election rule was not an efficient solution. Logically, the more often a legislator must stand for re-election, the more often there is a possibility the person may lose. We assume that politicians trade off their re-election chances against illicit personal enrichment because revelations of corrupt rent-seeking reduce re-election chances. We assume that if a representative's corrupt rent-seeking becomes publicly known, it decreases his or her popularity and chances for re-election. This is where the income effect from trade and industrial policy will have the largest effect on the parties' re-election chances. Deselection appears to be a relatively rare phenomenon, the norm being that incumbents desiring to run for re-election are renominated. This hypothesis predicts that the pre-election surge in personal income growth is a monotonic decreasing function of the incumbent government's ex ante re-election prospects. This is, of course, the reason why we assume that a corruption scandal lowers the incumbent's chance of re-election. The government systematically allowed national resources to be carved up into benefits that could be individuated, there by enhancing the re-election opportunities of its legislators. A deputy ten years older would have an estimated 0.74 probability of running for re-election, that is, a 6 percentage points decrease. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。