词汇 | example_english_quantum-mechanics |
释义 | Examples of quantum mechanicsThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. In this manner, classical mechanics arise as the semiclassical limit of quantummechanics. Thus, superluminal signaling is not required to account for the results of any quantum entanglement experiment that agrees with the results predicted by quantummechanics. The central message of these disciplines is that quantummechanics provides a great - sometimes exponential - improvement in the information processing power of a physical system. Computing scientists are generating new insights into the foundations of quantummechanics, which will be of value even if practical quantum computers are never built. In quantummechanics, unitary transformations represent reversible evolutions of a system. It is a conceptual error to think that quantummechanics can be understood just using probabilistic constructs. In particular, the discreteness of quantummechanics is key for quantum information and quantum computation. To understand this, we may consider the analogy between quantummechanics and a drum. In quantummechanics a particle can behave like a particle or a wave. A paradigmatic case of a correct closed theory is quantummechanics. Under the stimulus of quantummechanics, the independent discoverers were each venturing into what turned out to be new territory for both disciplines. His research interests include experimental study of basic concepts of quantummechanics and development of new experimental optical measurement techniques based on quantum principles. Next, we find quite highdimensional problems in quantummechanics. But has not a similarly high level of abstraction been necessary for the highest achievements in physics, including general relativity and quantummechanics? One of the main goals of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics is to derive 'irrever sibility' starting with the time-symmetric description given by classical or quantummechanics. This is a familiar problem from quantummechanics, describing a particle moving on the positive semi-axis. In quantummechanics, a wave function embodies the state of the system, in momentum or position representation. The book is suitable for quantum optics researchers or curious readers with a college level background in quantummechanics. But searching decision trees is one way that quantummechanics can greatly improve efficiency. In quantummechanics, projectors are used to represent (successful) measurements. Let us consider for instance an atom: at very small scales, those of quantummechanics, this 'particle' is delocalised. Perhaps, when the formalism of quantummechanics is introduced into philosophy, a philosophy of approximation/perturbation will be possible. Note that this conventionalist modification of the causal picture is different in principle from the modification called for by quantummechanics. His graduate lecture courses - particularly those on quantummechanics and on electromagnetic theory - were models of clarity. It is reminiscent of the situation that developed in quantummechanics, where it became common to talk about the failure of classical physics. In the second case, perturbation theory brought about a fundamental conceptual change through the birth of quantummechanics. They are of wide use in perturbation theory in quantummechanics, both non-relativistic and relativistic, and in classical mechanics. However, this probability changes, according to the laws of quantummechanics when one anyon is moved around the other before they are brought together. The rules of quantummechanics are, of course ' there ' because each cell of space necessarily has them encoded within it. This would violate a fundamental law of quantummechanics called unitarity. This is analogous to degenerate-state perturbation theory in quantummechanics. Some of the more theoretical chapters may be difficult for readers not familiar with quantummechanics. Coupling of protein motion to electron transfer : molecular dynamics and stochastic quantummechanics study of photosynthetic reaction centers. This multiplication law is just the law of matrix multiplication, and thus quantummechanics was born. Later in the paper we will also discuss the randomness/unpredictability issue in quantummechanics. In this paper we have tried to understand the notion of randomness as unpredictability in two different theoretical frames (classical dynamics and quantummechanics). In general quantummechanics, two measurements need not always commute; however, in quantum computation, they always do. In linear theories such as quantummechanics and classical electromagnetism, the presence of singularities in reduced systems, and their consequences are understood. For example, magnetic moments are very complex objects if fully described in the context of quantummechanics. But even in quantummechanics, quick events may happen without the consumption of energy. A wellknown result of quantummechanics is that the velocity and position of a particle (an electron, for example) cannot be simultaneously predicted. On some interpretations, quantummechanics is exactly such a theory; on others a breach of locality is a by-product of the breach of determinism. Until we have a better understanding of how quantummechanics and the theory of relativity can be reconciled, these questions are likely to remain unanswered. The elegance of the purple bacterial light-harvesting system lies in the way in which it has cleverly exploited quantummechanics. The classical trajectory calculations do not account for tunneling transitions allowed by quantummechanics. Under this definition quantummechanics and chaos theory count as physics, although work on chaos gets published outside of physics as well. Prior to performing a measurement operation on either particle, quantummechanics requires that no spin orientation exists for either particle. Attempts to modify quantummechanics, even very slightly, run into conflict with experiment. Contrary to what is generally thought, determinism is alive and well in quantummechanics. But it is not because you would like to get closer to, say, quantummechanics that it works. In contrast, we will say the randomness specific to quantummechanics is 'objective'. The continuum used in quantummechanics is certainly a well-adapted one, being 'equivalent' to the discreteness of the quantum theory. It seems obvious that quantum systems whose classical limit is chaotic should possess specific properties, since classical mechanics is a limit of quantummechanics. Moreover, it does not appear in the fundamental equations of the theory of general relativity and quantummechanics. And indeed, quantummechanics resulted in the unification of physics and chemistry. This made quantummechanics more stable than pure anything-goes. He wrote the paper at a time when the "new" quantummechanics was in the making. The heated controversy around quantummechanics has overshadowed this insight. If quantummechanics belongs to a set of measure zero in the space of theories, then life may turn out to be a truly singular phenomenon. In particular, their ability to emit light changes as a result of quantummechanics, so that they can produce visible light and be used in visual displays. Later on, both the theory of relativity and quantummechanics reinforced the view that force is at best a derived notion rather than a primary concept. Similarly, splitting methods find application in many different areas of science: for instance, molecular dynamics, hydrodynamics, quantummechanics and quantum statistical mechanics, celestial mechanics and accelerator physics. These applications are of special interest because the bizarre and counterintuitive nature of quantummechanics makes human design particularly challenging, thereby increasing the potential utility of automated design systems. In principle one could treat the entire system (channel, water, ions, membrane) via quantummechanics, taking account of the distribution of all electrons in the system. This state of affairs cannot be reached by any unitary evolution from the original situation, and thus violates the determinacy of the state vector evolution of quantummechanics. When developing a theory of predicates and predicate transformers we must therefore restrict ourselves to mathematical objects that are compatible with the linear structure of quantummechanics. The logic introduced here brings together a number of ideas from several fields: theoretical foundations of quantummechanics, operational quantum logic, dynamic modal logic, spatial logic and quantum computation. In quantummechanics, this notion is also evoked, but in a very different and intrinsic way (we will give a more precise meaning to this term later). If it transpires that quantummechanics is indeed crucial to the emergence of life, it is likely that it will offer the most stringent application of fine-tuning. It would be desirable to extend the theory presented here to nonlinear response and relativity, both in classical and quantummechanics, and to compare with the exact kinetic theory. The cat maps: quantummechanics and classical motion. When you shine white light, which is a continuous spectrum of colours, into a monatomic gas, you get back precise line spectra, and only quantummechanics can explain this phenomenon. Of course, quantummechanics originated from the discovery of a fundamental (and unexpected) discretisation of the light absorption or emission spectra of atoms (specifically, the hydrogen atom). Finally, we survey applications from celestial mechanics, quantummechanics, accelerator physics, molecular dynamics, and fluid dynamics, and examples from dynamical systems, biology and reaction-diffusion systems. But, perhaps in a manner analogous to the relations of the wave and particle metaphors to quantum mechanics, the metaphorical parts of the account may cause difficulties. This perceived world is related to the unperceived world described by physics (in terms of quantum mechanics, relativity theory, etc.) but it is not identical to it. This approach is borrowed from quantummechanics. He was motivated partly by the future prospect of quantum computing, but the paper itself discusses quantummechanics more generally, and is not specifically aimed at quantum computation. On the problem of hidden variables in quantummechanics. In linear theories such as quantummechanics and classical electromagnetism, the presence of singularities in reduced systems and their consequences for the full system are well understood. It is interesting to compare this situation to that of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics where such bifurcations of selves must presumably happen all the time. The dynamical equations of quantummechanics and quantum electrodynamics (and their classical equivalents when appropriate) are the essential elemental laws of physics which lead to biology. This essay reads debates over natural knowledge together with those about parties, interest groups, and parliamentary democracy, positioning the theorists of quantummechanics alongside those of liberal individualism. Nevertheless, numerous physicists have been writing as if they have relinquished the traditional truth claims of their discipline and have approached postmodernism through chaos theory or quantummechanics. This is the elementary alphabet and this alphabet vibrates in quantummechanics. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English These calculations are performed using a molecular mechanics force field; proteins are normally too large even for semi-empirical quantummechanics-based calculations. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Raman-active vibrations/rotations can be identified by using almost any textbook that treats quantummechanics or group theory for chemistry. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. For example, every electron is the same and in quantummechanics, one can not keep track of an individual electron precisely. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. A fundamental difference between classical and quantummechanics concerns the concept of indistinguishability of identical particles. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Since quantummechanics involves quantum superpositions, which are not perceived by observers, some interpretations of quantum mechanics place conscious observers in a special position. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Local realism is a significant feature of classical mechanics, of general relativity, and of electrodynamics; but quantummechanics has shown that quantum entanglement is possible. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. He has carried out research in the development of a novel computational formulation for calculating the total energy of solids based on quantummechanics. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In quantummechanics, spinors in three dimensions are needed to describe non-relativistic electrons and other fermions which have spin-, i.e. an intrinsic angular momentum. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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