| 词汇 | example_english_purchasing-power |
| 释义 | Examples of purchasing powerThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. It exemplifies the co-operative relationship between private purchasingpower and specialist academic knowledge on which orientalist art history depended. Ideally, the increased purchasingpower of what is still a large agricultural sector stimulates further growth in the urban manufacturing and service sectors. Secondly, with the post-1990 national economic crisis, the real purchasingpower of money was drastically eroded by mounting shortages of basic consumer goods. This may be because changes in the formal tax base do not accurately reflect the effective 'purchasingpower' of the local population. Initial benefits are lower than they would have been otherwise, but later on the nominal value increases with inflation to maintain a constant purchasingpower. The introduction of longterm care allowances creates additional purchasingpower. But with strict wartime controls on the volume of imported consumer goods, the colony's main channel for dissipating surges in local purchasingpower was blocked. Summing up, the introduction of long-term care allowances increased purchasingpower on the side of care users. We are aware of the fact that there might be differences between regions with respect to purchasingpower. This can be explained by the combination of an effect on purchasingpower (income effect) and a substitution effect. On the other hand, the productivity and purchasingpower benefits that the early linkage literature projected have yet to materialise in any substantial way. Finally, real wages and the purchasingpower of the lower and middle classes declined. However, no previous study has succeeded in demonstrating a relationship between health-care-specific purchasingpower and the diffusion of technology. In the absence of real purchasingpower, patient needs cannot be translated into increased utilization or diffusion of technology. Purchasingpower parities and real expenditure. The two sectors are mutually reinforcing : declining agricultural earnings can seriously undermine the rural population's purchasingpower for non-agricultural items. Furthermore, the purchasingpower of the hospital enabled the costs of consumables to be minimized. Rural non-farm activity was severely constrained by the lack of local purchasingpower. Such dynamics emerge because households wish to maintain their new higher standard of living induced by a greater purchasingpower in terms of consumption goods. Already, this has opened the way in some countries for greater resort to public opinion and purchasingpower as instruments of environmental policy. This is done by either 'deflating' using market exchange rates or purchasingpower parities. Around 1950 income from wages and salaries corresponded to that of 1938/9 as regards purchasingpower. The question was how to increase purchasingpower, to get people consuming, to get the economy moving. Part of the labour remuneration is related to stock market performance, making future pension income uncertain in real purchasingpower terms. The widow's benefit plus own-benefit maintains household purchasingpower at 70 -80 % of the previous level, so her standard of living is roughly unchanged. By 1995, workers' purchasingpower had dropped by 20 percent, and the middle class had largely collapsed. The causal chain 'printing money - some citizens subsidized - other citizens having their purchasingpower lowered' is longer than (indeed, it contains) the causal chain 'printing money - some citizens subsidized'. As enabling factors are functions of the regional and individual hospital purchasingpower, they were separated into regional (environmental) and hospital (individual) components. Older hospitals place considerable importance on their reputation within local markets (17) and often have greater purchasingpower (11). In so far as this depressed short-term supplies of basic consumer goods, it cut the scope for improving real purchasingpower and alleviating incentive problems. Prices of energy - electricity, modern fuels, and firewood - therefore have severe implications for the purchasingpower of many urban and some rural lowincome groups. We did not deflate the quarterly prices by an index of purchasingpower because inflation was "small" over this period. 18. This will have a disruptive effect on the purchasingpower of workers and the functioning of the labor market. Indicators of material well-being include income, the standard-ofliving or purchasingpower and housing quality. It was ultimately a contract the price, or purchasingpower, of which was permanently bargained between the government and the public. What we have in mind is an economic system in which the workers are concerned about their wage purchasingpower, which they want to preserve. Moreover, the purchasingpower of money increases when liquidity is relatively scarce, but declines eventually as the economy's money stock increases further. Therefore, we used hospital size as a proxy of purchasingpower. Finally, a section of the rural people perished because they had no purchasingpower at all, they all lived on charity. Economic growth adjusted for purchasingpower parity and inflation. Stabilizing against a major currency, which is itself relatively stable in purchasingpower, can help stabilize the price level in a small country. The purchasingpower of pensions has been severely eroded by the high cost of food and other goods, partly because so much produce is imported. The hegemony of money means that raw purchasingpower has come to displace the other two. Figures refer only to working age households and have been adjusted by inflation and purchasingpower parities. In the world in which we live, money, as representing general purchasingpower, is so much the best measure of motives that no other can compete with it. Their purchasingpower had been eroded by high inflation and devaluation made luxury imports unaffordable, causing many to search for alternatives to the existing political leadership. So far this surge of livelihood ' multiplexity ' has not generated adequate overall levels of gainful employment, technical innovation, purchasingpower or welfare improvement. The aim of indexation is to compensate for inflation, which eats into the purchasingpower of a pension dollar. Over the years and with increased purchasingpower my collection increased rapidly and steadily. If one is doing cross-cultural experiments, translating monetary endowments across cultures to maintain purchasingpower parity can be a challenge. This is a paradox, since incomes from natural resources raises wealth and purchasingpower over imports and, hence, should also raise investment levels and growth rates. This responsibility was retained by slimmed-down local health authorities who were re-invented as, in some sense, the collective representation of the ' purchasingpower ' of the local population. As a household's purchasingpower increases and its access to land markets improves, the constraint on the household's ability to satisfy its precautionary demand for farmland is relaxed. Each soul has zero purchasingpower initially. Competing titles collide not only with each other, but with low purchasingpower in vast areas of the world, with penurious libraries, and with competition from the visual media. The distribution of services and resources, therefore, is no longer determined by market criteria (supply and demand, or purchasingpower) but by decisions that are essentially political. All these variables are related to poor socioeconomic conditions which include low purchasingpower, poor sanitation, low availability of health services, malnutrition, infection and the final outcome of child mortality. Nonetheless, the case-study evidence indicates that backward and forward linkages between agricultural and non-agricultural activity spheres are present with respect to lubricating investment and purchasingpower. The worst blow of all, it would appear, was the depression in the cloth trade in the middle of the 1620s, which drove purchasingpower into the ground. Then there are areas where in situ non-agricultural activities are highly restricted and non-agricultural experimentation seems virtually self-defeating due to the relative absence of local purchasingpower. Finally, in most cases, the pursuit of non-agricultural activities is a year-round phenomenon, subject primarily to fluctuations in local purchasingpower rather than seasonal lulls in the agricultural work calendar. By no means all of these complaints would be justified, and certainly not universally, but there are inevitably difficulties of this kind when purchasingpower is so concentrated. Because the sample contains a cross section of countries, income measured in purchasingpower parities would have better expressed the ability of countries to pay for environmental policy. And it sets out that most complex play of human motives that changes the purchasingpower of money, and thus alters the measure of all motives. It is possible that fathers with a high level of education had greater purchasingpower and were thus able to provide their families with better living conditions. It seems to be the general view of pharmaceutical representatives that oral contraceptive markets could not be greatly extended at present price levels, due to lack of consumer purchasingpower. High interest rates certainly show the high price of money, but also the risk of not knowing what would be the purchasingpower of such money in the future. Moreover, local problems of production and distribution can be difficult to counter even when global supplies are adequate, because the purchasingpower of the poor is weak. This is most obvious in the government sector itself because the national budget for a year becomes meaningless when money 12 months hence is of totally unknown purchasingpower. As the markets are only interested in young people and their purchasingpower, it falls to politicians to attend to the issue of older people. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English Inadequate purchasingpower in rural areas is necessarily reflected in a smaller demand for the products of local industry and of urban manufacturing industry. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It acts very largely against those who have the least purchasingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It led not only to devaluation of the £, but to a great reduction in the real purchasingpower of the old-age pensioners. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In one sense, it does not matter who disposes of the excessive purchasingpower, so long as that purchasingpower is disposed of. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The current purchasingpower of this sum is estimated at approximately £33 at 1917 prices. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The current purchasingpower of this sum is estimated at approximately 18 at 1917 prices. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We would bold steadfastly to the two overriding objectives of greater production—it means harder work—and stable purchasingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The second point which would be an objection to this scheme would be if it involved loss of control ever our own internal purchasingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The purchasingpower of the working people is the best purchasingpower, economically, that there is in the country. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Then we come to the effect of the realignment in producing a decline in the real purchasingpower of the reserves of the less-developed countries. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Its current purchasingpower would be represented by £144 whereas it stands at only £100. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It is not usual to publish forecasts of possible changes in the future purchasingpower of pensions. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I attribute the whole of this trouble to the fluctuating purchasingpower of our internal currency. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It is question, after all, of what is behind the notes with regard to their real purchasingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In column 7 there is the external purchasingpower of the mark as compared with sterling. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 They also suffer from the effects of the lower purchasingpower of money. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It has been said that a fall in wages reduces the total purchasingpower, and therefore causes unemployment. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It is likely to increase the total purchasingpower as compared with the total of goods available to be bought in the home market. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Money has greater purchasingpower because the salaries of those who work in the armed forces are lower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Do you not see how you must bring into more har- monious relations the purchasingpower of your people and their productive capacity? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 What purchasingpower do a million miners to-day represent in the future on the home. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 They do not know the elements of the value of money and its purchasingpower, and it takes a great deal to inform them. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 However, differences in the internal purchasingpower of the national currencies are not necessarily reflected in international rates of exchange. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 As a result, their purchasingpower was no longer going out into the economy. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Official rates of exchange do not necessarily reflect differences in the internal purchasingpower of national currencies. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 When unemployment stands at 70,000, it is not only their purchasingpower which is restricted. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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