| 词汇 | example_english_presidential-approval |
| 释义 | presidential approvalcollocation in Englishmeanings of presidentialand approvalThese words are often used together. Click on the links below to explore the meanings. Or, see other collocations with approval. presidential adjective uk /ˌprez.ɪˈden.ʃəl/ us /ˌprez.ɪˈden.ʃəl/ relating to, belonging to, or done by ... See more at presidential approval noun[U] uk /əˈpruː.vəl/ us /əˈpruː.vəl/ the feeling of having a positive opinion of someone ... See more at approval Examples of presidential approvalThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Additionally, and potentially important for explaining gender differences in presidentialapproval, women's economic evaluations of all kinds were consistently more negative than men's. This article analyses gender differences in the impact of economic evaluations and political interventions on the dynamics of presidentialapproval between 1978 and 1997. As noted above, the results for partisanship, ideology and presidentialapproval largely account for these totals. Analyses of the presidentialapproval and economic evaluation series strongly suggest that they are non-stationary. Both sets of hypotheses involve what we term process heterogeneity, that is, different kinds of economic evaluations drive presidentialapproval among men and women. Also, the importance of prospective judgements for both gender groups gainsays the longstanding claim that retrospective judgements are what matter for presidentialapproval. Research on gender differences in the dynamics and determinants of presidentialapproval is extremely rare. Rather, the observed difference in presidentialapproval is the product of differences in what economic evaluation matters and what that evaluation is. The results are also rather similar across government and opposition provinces for presidentialapproval. We begin our analyses by describing the dynamics of presidentialapproval and economic evaluations among men and among women. The literature on gender and politics suggests two sets of rival hypotheses about possible differences in economic evaluations and presidentialapproval. Both measures are the difference between the 1994 and 1996 measures of presidentialapproval and retrospective economic evaluations in the panel study. Also, quarterly data are ill-suited for modelling economic and political factors affecting short-run dynamics in presidentialapproval. One of these literatures concerns the political economy of presidentialapproval, and the other focuses on gender and politics. Two research literatures guide our development of hypotheses concerning possible gender differences in forces driving the dynamics of presidentialapproval. Analyses of rival presidentialapproval models reveal that a national prospective economic evaluation model performs best for women, but a personal prospective model works best for men. The gender and politics literature also suggests that economic evaluations are not likely to be the whole story of differences in the presidentialapproval ratings made by men and women. Strong presidentialapproval ratings and/or positive trends in the national economy are expected to redound to the advantage of the incumbent party at both the national and local level. As discussed above, we investigate the effects of the four different economic evaluations on presidentialapproval by estimating four separate models for men and four separate models for women. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Want to learn more? Go to the definition of presidential Go to the definition of approval See other collocations with approval |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。