| 词汇 | example_english_precedent |
| 释义 | Examples of precedentThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Speaking bodies appeared in literary entertainments as well, and from these materials we might glean interpretive strategies of, or precedents for, these bodily texts. Consequently, those descriptions often came to have normative qualities as rules, laws, or precedents. How is it, exactly, that precedents constrain future decisions? The precedents they set would show the way and smooth the path for other national liberation movements. Applying this analysis to precedents, the ratio would provide the basis for the first-order part of the protected reason. The registering of decisions set precedents and preserved political memory. Moreover, legal precedents def ine the relative nature of conf identiality. Within the distance language learning literature there are important precedents and underpinnings for this area of enquiry. The internationalization of a language is an uncommon phenomenon; we don't have precedents close enough to provide much of a guide. Once we recognize this fact, we can see that hypothetical cases are really just special types of precedents. Let's not assume there are no precedents for doing so. How to analyse these transformations is an important question, and yet there are precedents that need to be recovered before reinventing the wheel. Feasibility and desirability can be framed, when appropriate, in terms of institutional constraints and policy precedents. Early decisions regarding the first genetic tests to be covered could set precedents to guide decisions about later tests. He examined precedents before he proposed his own inventions. The particular architectural precedents that inform the designs will be discussed later in this essay. In the field of office design, for example, it is still very difficult to escape from the stiff, mono-functional precedents of the conventional office. Many of the precedents were listed in the code as reference even though some of them were no longer observed. Additional lawyers cited statutes and precedents in opposition and it was the larger constitutional issue that riveted their attention. They found not one of the precedents truly cited by the counsel of the prisoners. While there were historical precedents, no detailed investigations were carried out. The acceptance of semantic similarity and dissimilarity is so ubiquitous that few theorists even bother to cite precedents. History can only be partially reconstructed, and so the cultural precedents for a protocol could only be sampled and inferred. Today, construction science teaches us that this is not the right way to place the beams: but it is a way that has illustrious precedents. There are no precedents for a refereed journal covering the breadth of topics included in our pages. If precedents meant (and were transparent to) reasons, then a precedential system would have maximal flexibility. If one supposes that precedents guide action by rules, one will miss the real possibilities for actionguiding that go on before categories become whole. Rather, it denies that this intention is the reason that the precedents mean what they mean. To this extent, this article does not deny that judges intend to set the precedents that they do set. The first thesis, in contrast, is intended to apply to nonlegal precedents as well. Developments of this type cer tainly have precedents in language contact situations. In addition, there are precedents for treating rote phrases indistinguishably from other performed phrases. Although there are precedents for the use of listening response tasks in perception of music these do not necessarily correlate with composing skills. The impact of state- and local-level precedents can be seen by comparing other programs. Under case law, decisions are made and justified on the basis of principles distilled from precedents set by previous decisions. Substantially outnumbered, they could not hope to determine public policy at a time when crucial precedents would be set. The former's long recitation of precedents for his biblical parody had clearly taken the latter by surprise. History can only be partially reconstructed, and so the cultural precedents for a protocol could only be sampl ed and inferred. However, numerous other examples exist of a broad trend towards the legitimization of learning from precedents and the emergence of a contextual sensibility. One recurring theme is that most of their ' heresies ' are not new ; he cites precedents for them from writings of a century or more ago. There were precedents for this kind of thinking. In a case law system this model of complete adaptability would abolish appeals as well as the relevance of statutory law and precedents. Crucially, the politicians themselves looked to the 1996 election, and before that the 1992 poll, with historical precedents very much in mind. However, there are precedents for conformational changes coupled to the presence\\absence of ions within binding sites that nevertheless are highly ion selective. Both of these derived from precedents established during the course of the war through the imperial war cabinet and afterwards at the post-war imperial conferences. Even precedents outside of law function as examples when they have conductguiding significance. One orthodox view is that whatever categories officials assign are the true ones, that officials determine what is the same for purposes of precedent's meaning. A precedent's meaning is paradigmatically determined by social salience. Although willing to admit that examples can operate as pure precedents, some people would argue that law is a special case. The guideposts for behavior supplied by precedents do not necessarily use the whole categories of a rule. There is something about the nature of law, they hold, that prevents decisions from being pure precedents, even in common law systems. Because the factual relations involved in precedential constraint are so strong, the impact of inconsistent precedents is likewise less severe. If precedents do not exist to create common-law rules, what role do they serve? What binds later courts are precedents, not rationes. The inspiration behind most accounts of precedents as rules is the statutory analogy. The scale of federal involvement was of a new magnitude and changes broke entirely new ground, establishing new precedents for federal action. The first significant land grants in support of improvements (mainly canals) were also approved during this period (although significant precedents already existed). Stage two involves case law, limited to principles distilled from the precedents set by previous decisions. Such constructions were rarely without local historical precedents, and they had to be perceived as legitimate to be effective. His preference for historical precedents with a complex underlying compositional order was known and admired. In contrast, common law systems base judgement not on general rules, but on specific precedents. However, the real precedents for this book are not to be found in the scientific realm but in the world of art. In fact, the plans are simpler than some precedents might have suggested. First, an artificial environment is created and imposed by constitutional authority and legal precedents. The extended model provided insight into seemingly insignificant task precedents for a serial design process that becomes important in the event of iteration. Do they have precedents or correspondences that might help locate them more accurately in a cultural context? Despite later technical advances and the building of many more precedents, often influenced by these books, they remain prime sources. From this perspective, the force of specific circumstances was abolished by the power of quasiuniversal precedents. They produced an array of statutes and precedents in support of their application. Other theses on how meaning is set may be more fruitful for nonlegal precedents. However, often judicial decisions in common law systems are treated as pure precedents. There were, of course, religious and historical precedents for this emphasis. Suppose that our background set contains only two precedents, 14. We might also have assumed that such statements create precedents. The discussion below will show that, for western delegates, borrowing was a search for precedents and best practices. They overcame the limitations of those precedents by taking them very seriously. Moreover, the level of sophistication in itself marks a departure from virtually all precedents, especially in the realm of birdsong. Naturally, this attitude toward the instrument has precedents. The relationship between reception and production in this case study reveals precedents for contemporary changes in the larger genre-making (and breaking) work of media circulation. Strategies, tactics, and precedents for managing the periphery were created in practice, in courts, and in territorial legislatures. His accomplishment was to assemble from available ideas and precedents a credible vision of how human beings are best served by cities, technology and architecture. Learning by copying has noble precedents. In many ways, these pioneering studies have established important theoretical, methodological and substantive precedents in the field to which a new generation of scholars have responded. They only apply deductive and formalistic lines of reasoning and take no notice of anything that is not written in the laws or is not part of binding precedents. Because a precedent's meaning can conflict with the meaning of the rule it correctly applies, the legal system ought to offer ways to dissolve the conflict. How might precedents be conceptualized, then? Charge provoked counter-charge as the lengthy debate continued, historical precedents and geopolitical speculations both appearing. The last thirty years have not therefore established precedents for the future. There are also various analogues shells, pinecones, praying hands - and precedents that arise as metaphors. We are given precedents to study and places to visit and told to take our sketchbooks. As a result, cases did not build up a hegemonic body of precedents. The historical precedents in the book do show where the evolutionary process in building development brought them into being. Furthermore, they established important legal principles and precedents that can be used by women's movements to advance women's human rights in safer 'informal' contexts. Others were created by judges who formulated them to decide particular cases, and thus established them as precedents for the future. When we see precedents as examples, we are free to note that scopes are not always specifiable in advance. Seeing precedents as examples calls attention to the actionguiding capacity of decisions when whole categories have not been set. Let us assume this case has been handed down in a legal system that treats the decisions of its highest court as authoritative precedents. If one wishes to stipulate that (general) protected reasons are "rules," then, of course, precedents are "rules" as stipulated. The reality rests on the fact that precedents in the common law do not come singly, but in groups. Be that as it may, there are a great number of precedents on the issue that provide good guidance to the interpreter. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。