| 词汇 | example_english_possessive |
| 释义 | Examples of possessiveThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The remaining episodes concerned subject omission (5.5%), locative constructions (4%), word order (4%), and possessives (2%). In the case of ' picture '-type nouns, possessives are ambiguous : they can be interpreted as either arguments or possessors. Three types of constructions are set apar t from the others - existentials, possessives, and clefts. The existence of such ambiguous examples by no means invalidates the otherwise quite clear-cut and well-motivated distinction between the two kinds of possessives. In addition, nominals take pronominal suffixes which are interpreted as possessives. As one of the reviewers rightly points out, these last two forms, possessives and numerals, do not necessarily mark newness. The possessive's definiteness/specificity is an inherent aspect of the construction as such. There are attempts to relate the form of possessives to their function. Also, this assumption would keep open the possibility that possessives are universally generated as arguments of nouns. Unfortunately the data set was unsuited for a quantitative investigation of possessives with head nouns that require morphological marking. The spatial expressions are in fact complex prepositions that result from the grammaticalisation of particular synthetic possessives. When two possessives are present, the structure depicted in (59) is obtained. Subjective possessives imply a transitory or abstract relationship, as in, the pool's clarity or the clarity of the pool. The results are even clearer in those areas of determination where the differences between the grammars of both languages are greater, as in the case of the possessives. Existentials and possessives are relatively rare. First, parents were asked whether their child had begun to use four specific morphological endings : -s for plurals, -s for possessives, -ing for progressives and -ed for the past tense. In the present study, however, possessives and numerals have been considered new introductions when the character is mentioned for the first time in the nar rative. Applying the same reasoning to the other possessives, it turns out that the nondeclined ones are pronominal, whereas those with a case or declension affix are adjectival. Existential constructions, as in (28), clefts, as in (29), and possessives have and got constructions, as in (30), are well-known contexts propitious to the zero form. Similar issues raised by possessives in other languages, as well as the variety of structure of possessives crosslinguistically, mean that this field of research is still wide open. Note that even were these possessives to be levelled with the third person forms, hypothetical forms like *mys and *thys would still end in voiced consonants. In phrases involving this possessive marker, commonly known as genitive-possessive constructions, however, the first noun also bears a suffix. By the middle of the 19th century acceptance of plural possessive with the apostrophe following the s was more or less complete. Even the grammarians of the time by and large ignored the apostrophe as part of possessive constructions. Relative clauses are on aggregate longer than possessive phrases, which are on aggregate longer than single-word adjectives. One is the structural changes that nominal stems may undergo when suffixed by possessive markers. Aside from being prefixed by a possessive pronoun, its members undergo no changes when possessed. With the attributive -s construction, absence of the possessive -s marker also varies among children from different racial and ethnic backgrounds. As proposed above, and schematised in (10), possessive constructions involve two separate prosodic words. As their relationship grew, however, he became controlling and possessive and repeatedly tried to show superior knowledge over her. The same is true with possessive relatives in (8) versus (11). What some authors refer to as "possessives", others may call "genitives". From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. To compensate for slower access time, speakers match these inser tions with the possessive structure that requires a minimal amount of manipulation for rapid embedding. As a result, possessive pronouns can, in theory, be attached either to the noun in the idafa construction or to hana. Alienably possessed nouns occur with a preposed possessive consisting of a classifier morpheme and a possessive morpheme specified for person and number. The reason is that the possessive should be assigned a special variable. The morpheme yi attached to gajog is a possessive postposition. Next, it is difficult to distinguish the relation in nominal compounds which contain the possessive postposition. A good example would be personal and possessive pronouns all of which are quite bursty. The exceptions were ' stubborn ' and ' possessive ', which occurred in different parts of the interview and were rated on a 3-point scale. While a complete analysis of possessive constructions is beyond the scope of this paper, some remarks must be made here. The possessive adjective also takes distinctively adjectival morphology. The discussion of forms of the possessive pronoun (44), for instance, merely paraphrases the data on the map. In (17), the informant fails to provide the possessive allomorph smiyt of the feminine noun smiya "name". In spite of the overall similarity of the stories, they contain few useful identical possessive relations in numbers that allow statistical analysis. A second important piece of evidence for this analysis is the role the e-copula plays in the acquisition process of possessive hve-clauses. The two other informants do not use past tense in possessive constructions, and use the auxiliary only from session 9 and 10 on. Each type of possessive hve-variant is exempli®ed by a token. The principal claim of this chapter is that this structure is the only syntactic possessive. Why isn't final [n] also preserved with the possessive pronoun, as happens before vowels, thus allowing for the deletion of [h]? We recommend that pronouns and possessive adjectives not be used at all if the noun can be either an individual or a corporation. The object form would be zon, possessive sons, reflexive zonself. Our hesitancy in claiming that this is deontic rather than possessive is based primarily on the earliness of the example. The possessive shows gender distinctions, person distinctions, and number distinctions (his/her/its, our/your/their, my/your). There is not even agreement that the possessive marker should be called a clitic. In the case of possessive determiners, we can readily say our other roommate, but not *our roommate else. Such examples are rather difficult to explain if the ys is a possessive determiner, but make sense as an orthographical variant of the inflectional genitive. Our primary expectation was that children would succeed better in inflecting possessive nouns than in deriving denominal adjectives. The fact that these possessive forms are not restricted by case assignment principles is the theoretical rationale for excluding them from the model. One is inflectional, the formation of possessive-marked nouns, and the second derivational, creating i-suffixed denominal adjectives. The more metaphoric the possessive predicate, the more it tends to be reserved for direct discourse. If the possessive marker doesn't govern any complement, what is its grammatical status ? Adjectives always came after the nouns (in the full grammar, some adjectives can come before) and articles came before possessive adjectives. Polynesian languages have four distinctions in pronouns and possessives: first exclusive, first inclusive, second and third. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. However, within the noun-phrase template, the value of the possessor slot will, in turn, be used to instantiate an embedded template, possessive-pronoun. Inalienably possessed nouns occur with a possessive suffix, which encodes the person and number of the possessor. Instead, the first person plural possessive wuli represents a collective entity, whether it refers to a nation or a family. Firstly, the more topical the referent of the possessor is, the more efficiently the possessive construction will fulfill its identifying function. You would recognise the difference from the different pronoun system: us for we, and us again for the possessive our. Until this time, the possessive marking is always adjacent to the possessor noun. There is general agreement that the possessive marker is unlike a typical inflectional affix because of the existence of group genitives. I should add that the table of possessive determiners and pronouns is given twice, but in two mutually inconsistent versions. Within noun phrases, possessives come before the noun, adjectives and plural markers after, while demonstratives are found with both orders. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Articles, adjectives, possessive adjectives, and nouns all agreed in gender and number. Articles, possessives and other determinants also decline for number and (only in the singular) for gender, with plural determinants being the same for both genders. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. One forms die possessive of a noun not ending in s, singular or plural, by adding an apostrophe pluss. The pronunciation of the s in possessives is also prone to shrubbing, and varies with the ethnic origin of the speaker. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Another type of suffix error in possessive nouns was also structural in nature and consisted of interchanging stem-dependent allomorphs. We therefore have two or even, although wrongly, three possibilities of forming the possessive form, as well as a non-possessive form. I have already commented on the inappropriateness of example (18) and the argument of the possessive verb. The derivation of the possessive copular hebben-construction is given below, in (14). First, it gives an overview of the types of possessive hve-variants found. The corpus was exhaustively scanned for clausal possessive constructions of the hve-type. The rest of the book concentrates on 'quantificational possessives', those in which the possessor phrase contains a quantificational determiner: every woman's father for example. However, there is one aspect of collostructional analysis that makes us unsure about its value in relation to our possessives data. The discussion is illustrated with numerous examples of the usage of personal pronouns and also of reflexives and possessives. Similarly, possessives (which do not show gender agreement) were only included in the number agreement analysis. In non-argument-taking nouns possessives are always interpreted as possessors. What we therefore have to explain is why the occurrence of own is incompatible with intransitive possessives. The two grammars of determination can be seen even more clearly in the case of possessives. He claims that possessives normally receive an asymmetric reading with the possessor dominating, while also admitting a symmetric reading - but never a possessee-dominant reading. The impact of discourse-conditioned topicality in the domain of prenominal possessives explains the fact that the acceptability of possessives is often a matter of degree. A second factor that influences the possessive's identification function is the cue validity of the possessor. However, usually this anchoring function of possessives is restricted to referential anchors in the literature. The existence of a strong paradigm allows some determiner possessives to be coordinated, emphasized and modified, three characteristics of strong elements. The presentational nature of the three constructions (existentials, clefts, and possessives) may be a pragmatic option related to topic prominence. Real possessives also express actual possession, as in, the girl's dog or the dog of the girl. Scoring the articles, adjectives, and possessives for agreement with the accompanying noun in the recall attempt made little difference except in the case of adjectives. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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