| 词汇 | example_english_plasma |
| 释义 | Examples of plasmaThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. We investigate the subtle interplay of electron collisions in target as well as in beam plasmas with quasi-linear electromagnetic growth rates. Numerical calculations are repor ted for both strongly and weakly ionized plasmas in the nonstationary regime. Numerical calculations are repor ted for both strongly and weakly ionized plasmas. We compare our results with previous expressions obtained for classical plasmas, and also discuss the influence of the ion motion on the equivalent photon charge. A similar result was obtained in the case of hollow-cathode hydrogen glow discharge plasmas to which 5% argon or helium was added [10, 11]. In addition, we are exploring the use of ' ' cold plasmas ' ' as a means of generating biosignatures from solid samples such as soil and rock. The reversed magnetic shear is the most important factor in the study of the plasmas of a tokamak. We investigate the gravitational stability of partially ionized astrophysical plasmas, embedded in a large-scale magnetic field. Relativistic interaction of rippled laser beams with plasmas. Advection-diffusion equations occur in a wide variety of fields in many contexts of active and passive transport in fluids and plasmas. Zonal flows seem to control [14] the electron energ y transport in non-uniform plasmas. Relativistic flows of thermally anisotropic plasmas will be investigated in the next paper of this series. However, prediction of electrothermal plasmas in terms of temperature, velocity and density distributions have been difficult. Such regions and waves cannot exist in isotropic plasmas, where the wave is a superposition only of oscillating or of exponentially decaying partial waves. When these plasmas collide, the directed kinetic energy can be conver ted into thermal energy; the plasmas heat up and slow down. Figure 14 shows the parameter region of heavy-ion-induced dense nonideal plasmas and the different fields of physics that become achievable with increasing specific deposition power. The influence of self-generated magnetic and electric fields on the transport of relativistic electrons in dense plasmas was studied using a particle-in-cell simulation. By providing diagnostic access to electro-magnetic field distributions in dense plasmas, this novel diagnostics opens up to investigation a whole new range of unexplored phenomena. The theoretical part of this paper gives a brief overview of different models used to calculate the radiative opacity of hot dense plasmas. Both plasmas are very dense and appear in a minute region, known as laser spot and cathode spot, respectively. Charge-exchange-induced two-electron satellite transitions from autoionizing levels in dense plasmas. The random walk of the electrons in nonstationary magnetic fields can produce anomalous electron transport at quantum scales in dense plasmas. Such situations require fundamental knowledge of these interactions as a possible cause of anomalous transport phenomena in magnetized plasmas. Harmonic generation in under-dense plasmas is characterized by two important features. Second harmonic generation in plasmas produced by intense femtosecond laser pulses. Thus, the concept of neutron production from the interaction of an intense laser pulse with overdense plasmas has received much recent attention. Charged par ticle acceleration by an intense wake-field excited in plasmas by either laser pulse or relativistic electron bunch. Various aspects of the interaction of relativistically intense pulses with preformed plasmas and solid targets were investigated in the experiments. The propagation of a relativistic laser pulse through overdense plasmas was also investigated. The analysis we present is not restricted to electron-ion plasmas, the result is also valid for electron-positron plasmas. Then he studied in detail the case of electronic plasmas with immovable ions. Charged particle acceleration by an intense wake-field excited in plasmas by either laser pulse or relativistic electron bunch. The results of this paper can be important for the study of the behavior of laboratory and space plasmas, and also for diagnostic purposes. Hence, we can understand that the screening atomic effect plays an important role in atomic collisions in non-ideal plasmas. Applications of plasmas now include surface modification, ozone production, thin-film deposition, etching and sterilization of bacteria-topics that have only been strongly investigated recently. Ion-acoustic solitons in a multi-component plasmas including negative ions at critical densities. Therefore, point projection proton imaging appears as a power ful and unique technique for electric field detection in laser-irradiated targets and plasmas. The specular reflection condition is known to be quite useful for investigating the dispersion relation of surface waves in semi-bounded plasmas. The pure-electron plasmas are generated by hot filaments and trapped in a grounded cylinder. The proton beam was applied to probing large-scale laserproduced plasmas, both in face-on and side-on configurations. Optical diagnostics of plasmas created by relativistic heavy ion beam interaction with solid targets. Relativistic effects are known to be important in magnetized thermal plasmas near perpendicular propagation, even when they would otherwise be considered weak. The assumption of the presence of a background electrostatic potential with a radial dependence was based on observations of high confinement plasmas. A comparatively small number of dust particles can thus drastically alter the behavior of the nonlinear structures in magnetized plasmas. The general nonlinear disper sion relations are appropriate for numerically investigating the parametric processes that frequently occur in space and laboratory plasmas. Indeed, practitioner s of pure electron guidingcentre plasmas often refer to a column of electrons as a lump of vorticity. The presence of such trapped ions can significantly modify the wave propagation characteristics in collisionless plasmas [16-20]. An essential result of this investigation seems to be the fact that the non-ideality drastically changes the nonlinear relations valid for ideal plasmas. However, in fusion plasmas, pulsars and other astrophysical situations, the temperature plays an important role. The general principles of transport in toroidal plasmas are fir st of all discussed. The parametric excitation of large-scale convective cells in non-uniform dusty plasmas with non-zero ion temperature is considered. In laboratory plasmas, it is rare for to be greater than 0.1, and in general plasmas values greater than unity are not expected. In some cases these fields across the background magnetic field in warm plasmas are considerably larger than those in cold plasmas. In addition, the analytic expression for the pseudopotential of the particle interaction in non-ideal plasmas has been obtained by application of the spline approximation. Then, using the eikonal phase and wave function, we can investigate scattering cross sections in plasmas since the phase includes all physical information. The effective pseudopotential model, taking into account the screening and collective effects, is applied to describe the interaction potential in non-ideal plasmas. They are interesting both from a purely theoretical point of view and from the point of view of applications to laboratory and space plasmas. However, in practical applications, plasmas (especially laboratory plasmas) are often bounded, and the previous method has to be reconsidered. The condition pe ce is well satisfied in most space plasmas. In other laboratory plasmas also, the parametric instability of upper-hybrid waves is significant. We use the solution for calculating the effect of particle trapping on neutron production for beam-heated deuterium plasmas. In such cases, plasmas are considered inhomogeneous in the transver se direction and homogeneous in the direction of propagation. The study of acceleration processes remains one of the most important areas of research in both laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. The applications of our work to space and laboratory plasmas are discussed. We obtain the analytical results of longitudinal oscillations in these plasmas. A two-dimensional double simple wave solution is given for both weakly and highly magnetized non-relativistic plasmas moving across the magnetic field. Moreover, backscattering diagnostics have been widely used over the last twenty years in laser-produced plasmas. We predict similar phenomena in space and astrophysical plasmas. Nonlinear optics in relativistic plasmas and laser wake field acceleration of electrons. Probing high density plasmas with soft x-ray lasers. Self-focusing and guiding of short laser pulses in ionizing gases and plasmas. Pulsation of 1 omega 0 and 2 omega 0 emission from laserproduced plasmas. We find this to be the case for laser produced plasmas. Spatial distribution of high-energy electron emission fromwater plasmas produced by femtosecond laser pulses. Radiative and transpor t proper ties of ions in strongly coupled plasmas. Magnetic field effects on electron heat transport in laser produced plasmas. An overview of the problems connected with theoretical calculations for hot plasmas. Spectral dips in ion emission emerging from ultrashort laser-driven plasmas. The results reaffirm that bound electrons can strongly influence the index of refraction of numerous plasmas over a broad range of soft x-ray wavelengths. The random displacement of magnetic field lines in the presence of magnetic turbulence in plasmas is investigated from first principles. Next, we study the kinetic quantum effect in plasmas. The dustacoustic mode is one of the most widely investigated analytically or numerically in both weakly and strongly coupled plasmas [13]. There has been growing interest in the study of electrostatic and electromagnetic waves in dusty plasmas. In order to develop an effective sterilization technique for life-detecting space probes, we have investigated the use of low-temperature plasmas. In this paper, we develop a quantum kinetic theory of strongly correlated nonrelativistic plasmas in laser fields which fully includes these phenomena. In view of ongoing studies and relevance in fast ignitor concept we have made analytical investigation of relativistic self-focusing of transmitted laser radiation in plasmas. X-ray spectra from high intensity subpicosecond laser produced plasmas. Advances in laser technology have recently enabled the observation of self-focusing in the interaction of intense laser pulses with plasmas. The first, "fast" homogenization stage lasts up to the moment of the collision of plasmas flowing from neighboring filaments. Such plasmas can serve as an intensive source of highly charged ions for the heavy ion projects in progress now. Consequently, the study of carbon plasmas is a subject of current interest and many efforts are on going. Therefore, we can use fast protons for the density diagnostics for extremely dense plasmas, such as in the case of laser fusion. There are several known ways to control the optical thickness of plasmas. Possible applications to the origin of energetic ions in laboratory plasmas and astrophysical settings are discussed. In such plasmas, there are various new linear and nonlinear wave modes and structures. The nonlinear dust fluid behavior comprising sheared flows in complex plasmas has been discussed in. The results show that the ambient pressure has an important effect on the properties of plasmas such as intensity, emission lifetime and line broadening. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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