| 词汇 | example_english_planter |
| 释义 | Examples of planterThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Moreover, planters complained that larger estates were being forced to provide these services while smaller estates and smallholdings were exempted from these rules. Scholars now suggest that this violence was managed, often emerging as a means of settling grievances between planters and older inhabitants. There is no evidence of the type of arrangements established between independent planters and mills during the years of primitive sugar production. When the mills failed to honour their contractual obligations with regard to water, planters resorted to litigation. Dubious weighing procedures set off countless disputes between planters and mill owners. By the late seventeenth century, these absentee planters already engaged in lobbying activities. However, only big planters and mills had access to institutional sources of credit. Although the tin tickets proved to be a considerable success, the planters and the government adopted further measures to supervise labour recruitment and immigration. The west wall of the living room, under the balcony, is fully glazed with top hung sliding doors leading to a generous porch with planters. The most likely reason for the apparent disinterest is that planters simply could not imagine that women might not want to reproduce. Perhaps contrary to one's initial expectations, historical evidence suggests that this particular form of slavery did not arouse the planters' interest. The kanganies occupied an intermediary role in the relation between the planters and the labourers. The real threats to the penal powers of the planters, however, came from outside the state. The planters had even more problems with accepting the subsequent phrases of the judge. Compliance with this legislation varied and even in 1907 planters were still asking government to establish and maintain hospitals for workers. Cotton was never again grown as profitably for the planters as in the period before emancipation. They stress, for example, that many workers were misled by recruiters, officials and planters. In contrast to the planters' high expectations, the administration was not prepared to pay serious attention to their difficulties. Both planters acted in a labour market in whch most of the agricultural labourers were bonded to a particular landlord. Logically, the planters were not much helped by that. The planters and millers were given war damage payments to compensate for their crops, to replant sugar, and to rebuild the sugar centrals. The agents, merchants and planters enjoyed easy access to government throughout the war and obtained audiences with senior ministers at short notice. Conversely, small planters maintained their commitment to subsistence on the land while attempting to obtain a surplus from the cash crop. Furthermore, census manuscripts indicate significant disparities among small and medium cane planters as well, which makes it difficult to strike an average. A timber deck and planters provide a restful atmosphere, and the whole is enclosed in rendered walls with punched openings to frame views [30]. After emancipation such offspring were economically valueless to planters, and threatened white dominance. The planters naturally resented such direct responsibility and especially the acreage tax. In the early stages, training was in the hands of the planters and miners themselves and officers seconded from the civil government. In short, the committee recognized the need for advances and kanganies and appreciated the planters' difficulties. On the one hand, the planters tried to create an unfree labour force. Even worse for the planters, journalists took the issue outside the court-room. Especially the slowing-down strategies of the planters prevented its immediate abolishment. Most of the planters considered this experience to be very positive. The trials were managed by both the planters and the research specialists, thus enabling planters to participate actively in a research trial. Between the end of the pioneer phase and 2002, the total acreage controlled by the planters slightly increased through purchases in neighbouring villages. In instances of violations, planters could and did resort to the civil court. In certain cases, prospective planters had fewer resources and resorted to tenancy. They conceded to labour service in return for the planters granting them the use of 6-acre plots for their subsistence production. The type of cane growth, whether the cane is erect or lodged is an important trait for planters. Initially, the proprietary estate typified western planting interests, but most planters lacked the capital necessary to open larger units or properties. Additionally, planters were required to report all deaths from malaria on their estates. They consolidated their hold over the labourers, maximised their profits and used times of labour shortage to blackmail the planters and to extract exaggerated advances. A larger number of workers gave the kanganies and planters the benefit of the doubt. In some other cases, planters, seriously short of workers, took the initiative. The major outcomes of these interactions were that the research specialists reviewed their research programmes and the planters either adopted or rejected new varieties. Credit was extended to the planters on easy repayment terms. How did the fictitious world of the romance inform the manner in which planters conducted their real-life business with those outside their class ? Only under exceptional circumstances could planters sell their cane to other mills. In other instances, planters actively engaged the support of the media and the government. The twentieth century would see the inauguration of a new period in the relations between cane planters and mill owners. European planters demanded labour service from those residing on the land that they 'owned ' in lieu of rent payments. There was no role for planters' representatives, leaving the factor in charge of most administrative decisions. The monopoly introduced higher purchase prices for tobacco leaf and made production quotas conditional on planters' performance. The letter of the law, for example, was used to assert the rights of planters (as they saw them). Although all of them had been tobacco producers in the 1770s, many of the old 'prominent ' planters were not registered in the 1780s. Finally, when these actions failed, planters did not hesitate to employ more direct and violent strategies to protect their rights or just to express their frustration. From 1897 to 1916, the damage caused by these three borers decreased gradually, so that from 1916 to 1928 these pests were considered by planters as being of minor importance. In addition, the state improved its administration by concentrating tobacco production in the hands of a few planters, and significantly increasing the number of monopoly police in the provinces. Lastly, most evidence was collected from the planters themselves: 197 proprietors and managers of estates and 12 secretaries of planting associations answered the questionnaire sent by the committee. A major inference is that the planters obtain ®rst-hand information on promising varieties prior to their release for commercial plantation, hence in-uencing their decision for adoption or rejection. The rise of a separate joint organization of merchants and planters was largely initiated by the lobbying of 1775 when the merchants and planters began to coalesce. The planters failed to establish crops. However, it seems that harsher measures produced more sophisticated answers from drug traffickers and planters and resulted in profitable black markets that have been impossible to eliminate. Cotton was planted with row planters. The challenges are to transform loggers into tree planters and forest managers and to ensure that the financial and institutional commitments by the local and national governments will be materialized. The experience acquired from the dierent trials indicated strongly the importance of giving the planters the opportunity to pre-screen a wider set of potential new varieties. Although a few local boards had been set up, there was continuing opposition to the scheme by planters who criticised the exclusion of smaller planting units. Notarial records employed in this article include a sample of 24 contracts between planters and mill owners as well as 14 wills from cane planters with holdings of various sizes. Certainly we have removed tax reliefs for forestry, but we fully compensated by substantially increasing the rates of grant available to planters. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The result is that the planters have been having a very poor time. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The proposal to increase the tax on tea cuts right across the interests of those planters. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The sum of £500,000 is to be allotted for this purpose as a maximum for loans to planters and others. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The second item in the purpose of the loan is the making of loans to planters or other persons to defray their expenditure. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The electoral dominance of planters and industrialists made a lack of political responsiveness to labour demands, and prejudicial law enforcement practices, foregone conclusions. Resistance by planters was evidence of economic irrationality. The importance attached by the planters to variety characteristics other than cane and sugar yields was highlighted in the trials. The new prosperity of tea cultivation and the rising demand for labour considerably influenced the planters in that decision. Although the planters tried to squeeze the last bit of sellable coffee out of their holdings, the coffee planting enterprise was practically dead by 1885. Circulars were addressed to all planters concerned, seeking an expression of their long experience and their observations on these pests. In addition, the labourers exploited the deficiencies in the planters' system. At the same time, the planters could not prevent that certain rules were included which protected the interests of workers and administrators. American merchants and planters were not alone in their efforts. Brazilian planters were in place on their plantations either the whole year or during a good part of it. The evidence indicates however, that planters managed to find alternative sources of capital, such as pooling financial resources. Mill owners and planters were engaged in a mutually dependent relationship that was reinforced by the personal ties created through contracts. Specialisation in cane was more apparent among large planters. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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