| 词汇 | example_english_phrasal |
| 释义 | Examples of phrasalThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The very fact that the dependent in descriptive genitives can be ellipted or be substituted by one shows that these genitives are phrasal in nature. Among other criteria that mark phrasal boundaries is the pitch of unaccented syllables. The discussion in this section has shown that there is evidence for the phrasal status of at least some descriptive genitives. Lexicalization is the change from phrasal to lexical category status with concomitant loss of internal - mor phological, phonological, semantic - structure. The judgments on the items with preposed phrasal material and preposed non-finite or finite clauses are judged in a similar vain. In addition, two kinds of noun are commonly formed from phrasal verbs. Computers can also give us a clearer insight into the learner's phrasal lexicon. Another possibility is that two functionally separate networks (lexical memory and phrasal memory or computation) are located in the same anatomical structure. However, their terminology for phrasal movement is, for such a central topic, strangely disjoint. As noted above, if phrase structure is created by phrase structure rules, then phrasal movement should result from substitution. The essence of this filter is that features are allowed to be lexicalised once within a phrasal projection: either as a head or a specifier. The most serious question to me as a syntactician concerns the notion of phrasal categories in this theory. Unlike word-level morphology, however, phrasal morphology is introduced into the structure postlexically, as phonological modifications to the shape of phrases. Postcyclic rules are those word-level non-cyclic rules that do not take effect in phrasal phonology. The label (phonological word) for the phrasal compound node has been suggested by an anonymous reviewer. The structures generally specified by shallow parsers include phrasal heads and their immediate and unambiguous dependents, and these structures are usually non-recursive. Together with pattern hierarchies 15 subsidiary patterns - mainly devoted to describe phrasal component structures - have been defined. First phrasal harmony affects the same string in different ways. Assuming that pronouns are not assigned phrasal stress (see 5), they are not stress maxima either. As stated in 1, we assume that the phonological component of the grammar recognises stem, word and word-sequence (phrasal) domains. The association of a falling pitch contour with stress, either in word prosody or phrasal prosody, is characteristic of dialects in this general region. The first pitch accent in the second clause is on the phrasal register just after it lowers. The initial list of abbreviations and the phrasal lexicon proved to be too simple. Layered on top of segmentation are the topic stamps themselves, in their relational contexts, at a phrasal level of granularity. Although it can receive phrasal stress, in other respects it shows clitic-like proper ties. If no match is found, the phrasal interpretation is chosen, as a default. What is relevant here is the existence of a relationship between word order and phrasal stress, regardless of its direction. The four word accents may not be ' subordinated to other word stresses on the level of phrasal phonology' (157). If the higher copy is pronounced, overt phrasal movement results. As a class, early system morphemes include determiners, plural affixes, as well as satellites in what are sometimes called phrasal verbs. Many newspapers and periodicals regularly incorporate phrasal verbs into their headlines. There is no difference in canonical phrasal order in the two dialects. If children rely only on phrasal order in producing novel compounds, we should find no differences by dialect. Likewise, the restructuring phase might reflect the emergence of the prosodic domain of phrasal stress. Therefore, we will be looking specifically for morphology that can be used to test the predicted differences between lexical, phrasal, and interphrasal morphology. They also reveal that the pause can be placed almost anywhere, either at a phrasal boundary or at a word edge. In addition, unlike word stress, which cannot be altered easily, phrasal stress can be adjusted to produce stress maxima in the right places. Providing support at this stage by adjusting the location of line breaks to align with sentence structure may prove beneficial to fluent, phrasal reading. The last type of base constraints to be considered are those on phrasal stems, found in such forms as in-and-outer, up-and-comer, and never-waser. In other words, this type of morpheme is linguistically characterised as agreement between the head of phrase and another phrasal constituent (1998a, 77). Another factor thought to be related to the acquisition of deverbal compounds is phrasal ordering. To obtain hypotheses at the phrasal level, knowledge sources embodying syntax and semantics are brought to bear. Future research is required to determine the emergence of phrasal stress and its relationship to word stress. When and how does phrasal stress emerge, and is it related to the development of word stress ? Contraction and coordination phenomena alike imply that phrasal categories are important as primitives of constituents. Since the rule may apply more than once, several modifiers may combine with a nominal head, whether lexical or phrasal. The term 'phrasal affix ' is used to designate these affixal elements occurring on the edge. The displacement of phrasal categories is carried out by some sort of general pied-piping operation. A parser based on phrasal pattern hierarchies has been implemented and used in that study. The lexical lookup process builds a tdd-term structure (a record) from the tokenized words and multi-word expressions in preparation for invoking the phrasal segmentation rules. One of the more ubiquitous is that of phrasal balancing. Phrasal conjunction: pause before and, or, nor, but if the conjuncts have different spellings and/or different lexical categories. First, instances of nominal one are phrasal components and do not always occupy sentence-final position. Ideally, one would like to have data on how phrasal intonation affects word prosody in these dialects. First, there is a single rule for both compound and phrasal stress. We have included phrasal phenomena such as length throughout, although we do not analyse these phenomena here. In the domain-initial partial reset, this is a return to the (downstepped) phrasal register. A word that is retracted in isolation surfaces as advanced when preceding an advanced word in a particular phrasal and phonological context. Recall that, unlike lexical stress, compound and phrasal stress do not have substantial segmental effects on an item. By contrast, the phrasal interpretation is correctly chosen only in about one third of the cases, or fewer. By contrast, there were highly significant differences between the stress patterns of the compound and phrasal items. In this way the phrasal (5b) is derived. The unfilled slots for a case frame definition are filled by noun phrases satisfying phrasal constraints specified in the definition. Note that certain phrasal repetitions such as now you take the red square uh the little require special handling. There is a third complication that needs to be borne in mind when dealing with these expressions, and that is the term phrasal verb itself. Lexical morphology is predicted to be acquired before phrasal and interphrasal morphology. In other words, he compared phrasal morphology to interphrasal morphology. We can thus compare how the same morphological features are handled in both a phrasal and an interphrasal (clausal) domain. My own term for this usage has for some years been a fused or non-separable phrasal verb. On the other hand, it would be unrealistic to expect a given phrase to abandon all its phrasal behaviour overnight as it enters the lexicon. In effect, this describes a kind of de-phrasal word formation, an attested, if rather poorly understood, means of lexical stock expansion. The relevant utterances mainly contain a modal verb in the core part of the phrasal pattern and a lexical verb in final position. Just as easily, the phrasal noun can appear flanked by other nouns, as in cattle round-up time and population overspill problem. They are not built from elementary, meaningless units (kinemes) and they do not combine to form larger phrasal units. However, for phrasal affixes the host can be defined as a word in a syntactic position. As discussed earlier, the syntactic and semantic contribution of phrasal affixes cannot always be integrated at the point where suffixation is realized. The interpretation of phrasal affixes is handled by unary syntactic rules. Lexical morphology is a necessary prerequisite for phrasal morphology (level 3) to be processable. In the structure-preserving condition, the ends of lines coincided with ends of clauses; in the phrase-disrupting condition, line breaks always interrupted a phrasal unit. As discussed previously, assigning progressivity to a phrasal level rather than a lexical level provides a simple solution to this puzzle. Given the downstep relation among the two phrasal registers, this then amounts to partial reset at the beginning of the second phrase, as shown. Recall that the present analysis treats this as downstep of the phrasal register. The difference is attributed to downstep of the phrasal reference line in the present analysis. In other words, there is a discrepancy between the meaning of this sentence and its phonetic form : the former is clausal and the latter phrasal. I propose that make the claim shows a similar loss of nominal referentiality but without the concomitant loss of phrasal structure. The paralegal is not asking for narratives but rather is asking yes 0 no questions to which she wants one-word or shor t phrasal responses. The third and fourth spheres (phrasal verbs and idioms) receive full attention from the major publishing houses. Results show that children cannot attend to these fine-grained phonetic cues, but are capable of mastering constraint hierarchies for word and phrasal stress. In this study, trochaic patterns were predominately lexical, iambic patterns were predominately phrasal, and compounds or 'double-stressed ' phrases were infrequent. The c-structure is a phrase structure tree representing surface phrasal relations and groupings; it appears on the left-hand side in (3). The upper layer corresponds to type concepts, whereas in the lower, phrasal concepts are placed. In this case, the phrasal concept based representation may be useful to represent the equivalence between both concepts. In a second phase, phrasal grammars are applied to the content of the various parts of the main and sub-clauses. In information retrieval, it is common to identify phrasal terms from queries and generate their variants for query expansion. The regular expressions are written in terms of lexical parts of speech, phrasal tags and specific words. Other slots contain phrasal, meta-linguistic and general information. Experiment 1 showed that oral reading fluency, as indexed by skill in phrasal reading, was rated higher when children were reading in the structurepreserving condition. Indeed, way back then (and earlier) nobody talked about phrasal verbs. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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