| 词汇 | example_english_pharmaceutical |
| 释义 | Examples of pharmaceuticalThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Shareholders expect returns on investments in pharmaceutical and biotechnologic companies. Recent legislation requiring pharmaceutical manufacturers to present economic evaluations when requesting reimbursement decisions will probably have an important impact in the future. Many good hits are made on the soft targets of transnational pharmaceutical companies. Unlike pharmaceuticals, and apart from the giants mentioned above, the industry is highly fragmented, consisting of numerous small niche markets with a few products only. The report recommended that, in principle, economic analysis should be pursued for all pharmaceuticals, but only simple price comparisons should be undertaken for generic medicines. Danish health authorities have now decided to introduce economic evaluation of new pharmaceutical products on a voluntary basis for 2 or 3 years. All participating pharmacists received training in the provision of pharmaceutical care. The pharmaceutical industry currently relies on price discrimination across national markets. Recently, legislation requiring presentation of economic evaluations for new pharmaceutical products was enacted. Nurses perhaps need to grasp this opportunity to recognise the influences of the pharmaceutical industry, and reflect and evaluate the ethics of their actions. Such auditing is consistent with the standards followed by the pharmaceutical industry in the preparation of regulatory files. One therapeutic area that is particulary prone to an increased consumption of high-cost pharmaceuticals is oncology. The powerful influence of pharmaceutical companies on doctor's prescribing, on hospital purchasing, and on government policy is the most prominent example. In primary care, general practitioners relied heavily on evidence provided by manufacturers, mainly pharmaceutical companies. These could include access to building materials to improve housing, pharmaceutical products, boots and other appropriate work-clothing, and sundry other items of consumption. Even nonmorbid painful situations, such as premenstrual cramps, have become the object of pharmaceutical attention. They made serum control transparent even to illinformed ministerial bureaucrats and critical pharmaceutical producers. In cases of chronic illnesses, however, arrangements are made to pay pharmaceutical bills above a certain level. For pharmaceutical innovations, the existing patent system provides 20 years of patent protection. Typically, an enterprise developing pharmaceuticals will screen a large number of extracts from different organisms for biological activity. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical industry, clinical investigators, ethics committees, practice researchers, governmental healthcare authorities, practitioners, and professional organizations need to be involved. It is unavoidable that the new pharmaceuticals require priority discussions and active resource allocation in health care and in other sectors of society. For it is in these interactions that many clues to the discovery of new pharmaceuticals lie. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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