| 词汇 | example_english_pathway |
| 释义 | Examples of pathwayThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Genes that influence the grain filling process are particularly important in achieving the goal of manipulating nutrient partitioning pathways. In most tissues, the selective activation of these cell-cycle pathways is readily discernable. The reductionistic logic of medical education offers only false comfort, and only to those who content themselves with pathways and receptors. Activation of this pathologic process is complex, most likely involving the activation or repression of numerous signal/transduction pathways, with subsequent effects on many genes. Economic resources, whether measured by income levels or by asset accumulation, may be proxies for many other pathways to improved health. Interactions between insulin and serotonergic pathways may have important consequences for their known roles in appetite modulation and trophic actions in the brain. One approach for identifying novel genes associated with physiological pathways is to identify genes whose expression changes with differences in experimental treatment or phenotype. Many of these cell death pathways are also associated with the secondary production of oxidants which appears to contribute to the magnitude of cell death. Our reductionist, analytical thinking attempts to form them, conceptually, into discrete linear pathways, but nature knows nothing of such superficial imaginings! On the other hand, there is extensive evidence for specific factors which can control the pathways of differentiation. Similarly, they can consider likely entry pathways via climatically suitable routes, with a view to attenuating the flow of propagules if necessary. Despite important limits and bias, our analyses of pathways and vectors of introduction were useful in identifying important patterns. However, until now, too little has been known about the pathways of introduction for alien insects to produce risk assessments for key pathways. One of the primary aims of developmental research is to identify pathways from early behavior to later childhood competence, or alternatively, to behavioral dysfunction. Individuals showing similar "symptoms" may in fact be on different pathways if examined longitudinally and may have predictably different outcomes. Environmental risk factors impact on organisms and will interact with genes, gene products, and genetically influenced pathways at a biological level. Signalling pathways involved in normal bone remodelling and osteoclastic bone resorption are utilised by metastatic breast cancer cells to promote growth in bone. Thus, galectin-1 may trigger different endpoints along the apoptotic pathways in different target cells. The essential signalling pathways that initiate involution have been identified using sophisticated genetic approaches. Which components of the signalling and apoptotic pathways are the critical effectors? First, mouse immune pathways are not always the same as human pathways. The pathogenic pathways depicted here suggest a number of potential sites for therapeutic intervention (indicated in red). However, recent data suggest that at least some of the complement components have the ability to contribute to neuroprotective pathways. The pathways through which mammalian cells maintain telomere stability are beginning to come into focus. Although the story is far from complete, several regulatory pathways have already been implicated in the normal and aberrant activity of telomerase in human cells. Both of these pathways are strongly associated with neuroprotective effects. The end result of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways is the activation of the initiator procaspases 2, 8, 9 and 10. The relative role of e a c h of these two pathways in human islet allograft rejection is unclear. Both pathways eventually lead to liver necrosis (fig003glt). Studying such pathways may also ultimately help to characterize the nature of the genetic interactions resulting in hybrid dysfunction. The effect of downregulating the signalling pathways is to push deterioration back in time, not to prevent it. Studies in sheep have provided valuable data on the endocrine pathways by which the fetal genome regulates the onset of labour. As a result, joints that traverse impermeable deformation band shear zones may provide the primary pathways for fluid flow in sandstones compartmentalized by these zones. We also examined whether regulation, aggression, and withdrawal mediated the risk pathways between negative emotions and concurrent or subsequent victimization. Work to date has not considered how developmental pathways of membership to delinquent groups could contribute to increasing violent behaviors at any given age. Clearly, biological and psychological factors can both play a role in the pathways to these diverse outcomes. The pathways illustrated by the developmental models will be examined using both person-centered and variable-centered approaches. Both early starter and late starter pathways were considered. The children showing more modest levels of externalizing problems during childhood represent the third and fourth pathways. Consequently, these results may underrepresent the diversity of pathways to adolescent externalizing problems, particularly early-starter pathways, and may underestimate the magnitude of the predictor variables. Indeed, these pathways will be quite different depending upon the number and type of risk factors involved, their developmental timing, and sequence. Studies to evaluate the isotopic fractionation of these synthesis pathways are currently underway. Based on our basic biological assumption regarding autotrophs, we believe there must exist metabolic pathways for generating these metabolites. Results provided evidence for some developmental pathways of vocabulary and social-communication consistent with typical development and others that were less consistent. The stroke incidence and survival spreadsheets include categorization by both "first-ever" and "recurrent stroke" rates for the three treatment pathways. The effects of different combinations of investigations were analyzed in order to reflect alternative treatment pathways. The treatment pathways for acute chest pain are clearly defined. They include the sensory pathways (auditory, visual, somatosensory and gustatory) and pathways from the mamillary bodies and cerebellum. If so, focal paroxysmal activity would spread rapidly and simultaneously in the cortex and thalamus using synaptic pathways. Figure 1 highlights these organellar compartments and provides a general description of their resident metabolic pathways and enzymes. I will not consider the significance of the outer covers to elucidate pathways of seed evolution. The reader in effect can construct his or her own pathways to understanding the history of the city. The strong association between the two traits may not be explained solely by the common developmental pathways. Results suggest that asymmetric competition and resulting patterns of tree-thinning are major driving forces determining secondary forest successional pathways. One possibility is that suppressive pathways carry the contrast energy of the mask. Our data are consistent with the notion that infant visual sensitivity is hampered by high levels of noise in the central visual pathways. Thus, the juxtacommissural nucleus might function as a relay center in these indirect pathways, and possibly also the nucleus pretectalis in urodeles. A genome-wide study of gene activity reveals developmental signaling pathways in the preimplantation mouse embryo. If, however, pursuit and perception have different motion-integration pathways, the pursuit response to image motion will not be tightly correlated with perceptual coherence. The model assumes that the stimulus is processed by two parallel pathways. We find that the effects of sawtooth adaptation are different in each condition, presumably due to differences in the circuitry of the underlying retinal pathways. Distinguishing opponent and non-opponent detection pathways in early dark adaptation. Our results suggest that these metabolites are involved in diverse signalling pathways such as calcium release and cell cycle signalling. The temporal properties of the human short-wave photoreceptors and their associated pathways. Segregated thalamocor tical pathways to inferior parietal and inferotemporal cor tex in macaque monkey. The distinct spontaneous activities of different bipolar cell types might provide a cue for the activity-dependent segregation of multiple parallel visual pathways. Rather, young infants' behaviors might be controlled by parallel subcortical motion processing pathways that develop relatively early. Serotonin receptors are classified into seven different families depending on their signalling pathways. Thus, regardless of the nature of the nonlinearities within the suppressive pathways, it remains a puzzle how this is effectively removed when stimulation is binocular. In addition, levels of trophic substances required for maintenance of neuronal pathways will be better sustained. More recently, evidence consistent with information exchange between the pathways has emerged. We also examined the effect of brimonidine on other cell survival-signaling pathways. If their eyes are primarily circadian in function, have pathways concerned with image formation, color, and motion been discarded? 393 pathways, but they should be unaffected if instead observers simply need greater chromatic contrast at low luminances. In the meanwhile the development of alternative counselling and referral pathways specifically for younger women and girls with unplanned pregnancies appears to be necessary. Transmission pathways were identified in 54 of the 73 outbreaks (74 %). More generally, this study suppor ts the claim that there exist parallel pathways of grammaticization for discourse markers in various unrelated languages. Likely, most cortical regions and their interconnecting pathways in rodent and primate brains will be different to accommodate this order-related difference. Another possible explanation is that they are employing the same second messenger pathways such that there is heterologous desensitization. Binary fission of membrane-contained cells facilitates concerted replication of fragmented genomes and membrane structures facilitate essential energy production pathways. Fluid-flow pathways in actively deforming sediments: the role of pre fluid pressures and volume change. An accumulation of genetic lesions normally regulating the pathways of cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death results in dysregulation of the cell cycle. Two possible signalling pathways involved in phytohormone-induced surface modification are proposed. Many of these cell-surface receptors activate signaling pathways that cause reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. In the trunk region, several signaling pathways and transcription factors have been implicated in cell fate decisions of neural crest. Interactions between the oestrogen and insulin-like growth factor signalling pathways in the control of breast epithelial cell proliferation. To date aberrations in a number of signalling pathways have provided potential mechanisms for antioestrogen resistance. In other words, a better understanding of the crosstalk between signalling pathways and integration of such signals is needed. Examples of cell signalling pathways implicated in adult stem cell ageing. A theoretical perspective that is well suited to guiding the empirical investigation of such pathways may be found in the field of developmental psychopathology. The new approach accepts this awareness and is presented at superseding earlier approaches examining, for example, specific sensory pathways. As the genes and regulatory systems responsible for these pathways are becoming known, they are recognized as candidates for metabolic engineering. Though established facts about pathways, informational relations and computational organization would remain intact, questions might arise about the completeness of the functional story. Both direct and indirect pathways for this influence are known, although not always well understood. Conceptualizing developmental pathways to internalizing disorders in childhood. Several explanations are plausible and there may be multiple pathways. Similarly, there are multiple pathways to resilient outcomes and aspects of cultural influences can contribute to some high-risk individuals doing well despite their adverse situations. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。