| 词汇 | example_english_pass-through |
| 释义 | Examples of pass-throughThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. This paper analyzes exchange-rate dynamics following a money-based disinflation under different degrees of exchange-rate pass-through. Figure 1 shows results for s = 0.5 (the plot with stars) and s = 1.0 (the plot with diamonds), both cases representing incomplete pass-through. However, while the pass-through is high, complying with this objective implies achieving a stable exchange rate. For an exchange-rate-based policy, the degree of exchange-rate pass-through makes little difference to the impact of a disinflation. The most recent data suggest that the pass-through has fallen substantially since 1999. Varying the degree of pass-through, however, significantly alters the magnitudes of these effects. Nominal stability will remain under question until the high inflationary pass-through of depreciation has been eliminated. Analyzing the effects of disinflation under incomplete pass-through, however, significantly alters the magnitudes of these effects. Figure 1 shows that the responses of the exchange rate and many other variables are significantly different when there is incomplete pass-through. So, even when s = 1, there is some degree of pass-through from exchange-rate changes to consumer prices. This paper analyzes exchange-rate dynamics following a money-based disinflation under different degrees of exchange rate pass-through. If there are no movements in the nominal exchange rate, then the presence, or indeed the extent, of pass-through becomes irrelevant. Figure 2 shows the effects of reducing the degree of price inertia also for the incomplete pass-through cases. Obviously, this incongruity disappears if the pass-through decreases significantly. While the upper floors link the two previously unconnected engineering buildings, on the ground floor the building works as a transverse 'pass-through' building. The objective of this paper is to analyze the implications of different degrees of exchange-rate pass-through for the effects of a money-based disinflation. As the exchange rate becomes less effective as a means of restoring equilibrium, because of lower pass-through, the role of consumption in restoring money market equilibrium increases. This means that the domestic price of imports is to some extent fixed with respect to the fluctuations of the exchange rate; that is, exchange rate pass-through is incomplete. As the degree of pass-through is reduced, the extent of the short-run appreciation of the exchange rate increases and the short-run impact of the disinflation on employment falls. However, the key challenge facing the authorities in the medium term is not the extent of convergence in 2003, but the reduction of the exchange rate pass-through to inflation. The extent of the short-run appreciation of the exchange rate is increased and the short-run impact of the disinflation on employment is reduced under lower degrees of pass-through. Figure 1 shows that the consumer price level must, regardless of the degree of pass-through, fall by approximately 2% in the long run in order to restore money market equilibrium. As with all other economic matters, the issue of cost pass-through to customers is for the independent economic regulators to determine. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Such "pass-through" pipes cannot currently be used by their owners to give a supply of gas to premises. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Where the supplements were not known they are paid as a pass-through supplement in addition to the franchise payment. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。