| 词汇 | example_english_nominal |
| 释义 | Examples of nominalThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. However, in both cases the object of the verbal activity is something extracted from the designated thing of the genitive nominals. I have started such a study of the -er nominals, but it is too early to know what insights will result. Rather, this is an abstract agreement feature of nominals that may or may not be triggered by the article. We first account for the fact that construct state nominals must have an immediate complement. The fact that construct state nominals cannot be rendered definite directly is naturally obtained. We optimized our initial ontologies by removing nominals and most of the domain and range restrictions. The distinction is, hence, only relevant for nominals with a nonneuter (personal) referent. Under their account, all predicates and nominals are dependents of the same clausal node. Quantificational notions are instead expressed by nominals, which exhibit systematic ambiguities between weak (indefinite), strong (definite), and predicative interpretations. However, matters are quite different when it comes to the relative order of accusative and dative nominals (direct and indirect objects) in plain transitive patterns. The findings are limited to words that are nominals, and to words used to indicate familiar referents. We proposed the construction of knowledge about nominals on the basis of the relations, which is extracted from large corpus and modified by hand. Unfortunately, in the standard orthography approximately half of the nominals appear to have identical forms in both states, a fact which substantially increases the ambiguity. They might therefore be expected to struggle with the pragmatically appropriate use of nominals as well. The canonical length of nominals, for instance, is essentially the same, and the phonology is similar. On the other hand, gerundive nominals are true categorial hybrids, exhibiting a mismatch between external distribution and internal properties. Like the practice of retroactive recontextualization discussed earlier, the practice described in this subsection hinges crucially on the detachability of postpositions from the preceding nominals. In other words, gerundive nominals are exceptional cases where the default condition of headedness can be overridden. Only quantifiers originating from the first (leftmost) argument in the nominal's argument structure list should be exempted from store amalgamation. If this is indeed what happens, the two nominals in the last line of the transcript extract in (25) are gender-convergent after all. In order to construct linguistic lexical data about nominals, we first extracted verb-noun co-occurrence data from the corpora using the partial parser. The basic finding of this study was that children did not use different kinds of nominals depending on the perceptual availability of the referent object. There is a small but representative sample of the data in question (listed in the appendix), concentrating on the lessdiscussed, nonverbal-based -er nominals. Only one of the 16 mixed nominals of this type contains a seeming gender-mismatch. He also reports a late ' anaphoric ' strategy, according to which older children use pronominals when there is local coreference and nominals otherwise. In addition, in contrast to nominals, pronominals are massively preverbal. They examined whether children's early words were context-bound, nominals or non-nominals. Learning the form and use of complex nominals : a developmental route. When expressive vocabulary grows to between 50 and 200 words, the overwhelming majority of words are nominals (broadly defined). In this way, clauses and nominals are shown to be maximally similar in their derivation. The prenominals of type role-bse-form are, hence, compatible with nominals with a singular nonneuter index whose type is either role or the underspecified mode. More specifically, there is empirical evidence to support the view that adjectival nominals can be classified as adjectives. Chapter 6 discusses the relativization of various oblique-marked nominals, including patients in antipassives and applicatives, and true obliques such as instruments and locatives. As in other corpus-based approaches, however, a large amount of lexical data is required to properly estimate the association between nominals. Next, two nominals with the same grammatical cases can not have the dependency relation with one predicative noun simultaneously. The two kinds of nominals have a syntactically different property. Instead, they have tended to favour unifying derived and gerundive nominals. The behavior of ni marked locative nominals is the same as indirect objects. In particular, the construction of definite nominals is considered a syntactic process. As shown in section 2.3, this is the case with construct-state nominals, which strictly require a noun phrase immediately following them. The predominant use of nominals to reintroduce the protagonists is complemented by the use of pronominals to maintain reference to the protagonists. Further, these arguments are obligatory to the same extent to which they are obligatory for the nominal's associated verb. As mentioned above, genitive nominals denoting humans tend to occur before the head noun. Result nominals do allow extraction of their participants, but only when the construction is indefinite. Complex event nominals always allow extraction of their participants, as shown in example (35a). Adopting the lexical hypothesis, we conclude that the article combines with nominals in the lexicon, and is no longer available for syntactic processes. We then explain why the article does not combine with such nominals. By nine to ten years the children preferentially used nominals rather than pronouns for this function which reflected an adult-like pattern. Passive nominals behave differently; their genitive modifiers correspond to the verbal object. In these nominals, a relationship of 'like-ness' is expressed. Similarly, one and the same verb can occur with a variety of subject nominals. First, a set of candidate antecedents is collected, which includes all nominals within a local segment of discourse. Verb forms are also constructed similarly to nominals through the addition of endings to stems and verbs are inflected for person. If so, the relevant nominals are convergent at both interfaces, and so are consistent with our convergence/accommodation account of mixing. The major difference among these nominals is the nature of participation and involvement of the designated 'things' in the domain of instantiation. Concrete nominals, on the other hand, never permit extraction, as illustrated by example (35b). Among nominals, simple event nominals (which are referential nominals) and complex event nominals (which are predicational nominals) play an important role. They include tense and mood, grounding a verb, and (in)definite determiners in nominals. The sentence has a functional structure akin to that of nouns, and the order of clitics mirrors the order of functional heads in nominals. In addition, there is neutralization of this verbal ing suffix and the suffix that occurs on the 'gerund ' head of gerundive nominals. The rising tone pattern that is characteristic of diminutive nominals is not a phonological correspondent of the diminutive morpheme - it is not reduplicated. Together they made up about 50% of the expository nominals, the three most frequent categories in expositories after generic nouns. Most adults are able to weave derived and abstract nominals skillfully into their narratives where younger narrators would use verbs and adjectives. There are many ways in which predicate nominals are encoded across languages. As has already been pointed out, there is no empirical motivation for analysing polydefinites as syntactically distinct from monadics or other nominals. Such violations do occur with extraction from claim nominals in the absence of verbs such as make. Examples in this section are drawn from diminutive nominals, though the same generalisations apply to the inchoative structure as well. The nominals in the ' sensations ' test (where subjects 11 years and up have high scores) are a good example of rote-learned items. In addition, nominals take pronominal suffixes which are interpreted as possessives. As shown above, ha- can combine with all kinds of nominals, including nouns, adjectives, numerals and demonstratives. Furthermore, she noted that the children who had higher proportions of nominals in their lexicons had larger vocabularies. The whole object bias is not limited to words, or to nominals; it does not apply only to our inferences about the thoughts of others. First, noun modifiers are typically nouns, as in (7a), or at most nominals, as in the examples in (8). Being nouns (or nominals), constructions with descriptive genitives are neutral as to definiteness and can be further expanded by any kind of determiner. The claim here is that, since unaccusative verbs do not have an external argument, they cannot serve as bases for -er nominals. In short, it is not a feature of nominals as such, but rather of some subjects. Note that nominals in these three cases encode 'things' construed as participants, fully manifested in the domain of instantiation. In the next section we will see how this semantic characterization will apply to actual examples of genitive nominals. Here the 'things' designated by the genitive nominals are something to be lost (31), or an activity to be ended (32). Adults generally used a pronominal form for maintaining reference, whilst using nominals to switch reference. Greenlandic words are of three kinds : verbs, nominals, and uninflected particles. To begin with, derived nominals are nouns that refer to verbal entities. Construct state nominals do not combine with the definite article. As previously remarked, the suffix ing of derived nominals functions as a deverbal nominalizing affix. In (i) there is a gender conflict between the subject (masculine) and the predicate nominals (both feminine), which is resolved in favor of the subject. As a result, it extracts not just the complex nominals that meet the formal definition of technical terms, but reduced descriptions and pronouns as well. There is thus no way for separate nominals to control the same controllee via functional control. All the groups preferentially used pronominals to maintain reference, rather than nominals. The vast majority of the preverbal nominals were subjects or vocatives, with the remainder being topicalized objects. A long chain of particles or suffixes may be attached to nominals or predicate stems. In contrast, the less frequent coreferential nominals are scattered across co-reference types. The majority of subsequent mentions consist of coreferential pronominals and of noncoreferential nominals. Note that -e differs from -ni in having no other uses outside of motion constructions, except that it may appear in nominals whereas -ni may not. Possible names : the role of syntax-semantics mappings in the acquisition of nominals. In the same vein, if the definite article were to be analysed as a head, then polydefinites could not be syntactically unified with monadics and other nominals. Once language begins, children rapidly acquire a host of additional linguistic means for indicating objects, mainly in the form of various kinds of nominals (noun phrases). These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。