| 词汇 | example_english_nectar |
| 释义 | Examples of nectarThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Bees may get sucrose-or hexose-dominated nectars, but this is complicated by the fact that some plant families have either sucrose- or hexose-dominated nectars. Now add a few bees to this community of birds, sufficiently few that their intake of nectar is negligible. The question is: how many birds and bees should forage at the red and blue patches so that their intake of nectar is maximised? The most widespread plant feature that attracts ants, however, is extrafloral nectar, produced from special glands. There is no sign of nectar or any pollinator reward other than pollen in male flowers. The flower visitation behaviour of a bat over the night seems to be shaped by a combination of intrinsic physiological factors and by nectar availability. Our data clearly revealed a need for more studies on the effects of nectar production on fruit- and/or seed-set. Seed production from experimental flowers was then contrasted with those naturally exposed to pollination and nectar removal. Here we used the same manipulation intensity to stimulate nectar replenishment in both species. What does it cost a plant to produce floral nectar? However, we observed that hummingbirds with much shorter bills were also able to extract nectar and pollinate the flowers. The following sequence of floral parameters was noted: anthesis, odour release, nectar secretion, pollen liberation, and receptivity of stigmas. The capability is consistent with the specialized diet of the honey possum, enabling the assessment of the maturity of nectar-producing flowers. The scent emitted by chemicals secreted from nectar glands on the inside of the open leaf attracts flies and other insects. There is no fragance or nectar in either pistillate or staminate flowers. Hourly mean of hovering duration was negatively correlated with hourly nectar secretion rate. However, the metabolism of bees and humans is sufficiently different that bees can safely collect nectars from plants that contain compounds toxic to humans. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The honey produced by bees from these toxic nectars can be poisonous if consumed by humans. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. All ponerine species plus the two pseudomyrmecines are good predators that also exploit extrafloral nectar and hemipteran honeydew. We investigated whether nectar replenishment is costly for flowers i n t erms of seed production. The interiors of the flowers are with nectars at base. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The non-marketed inputs represent positive externalities where the apple production provides nectar for the bees and honey production provides fertilization services to the orchard. The settlement continues to grow plants for agriculture, such as almonds, avocado, nectars, and peaches. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. My favorite example is the bee dance, which tells the bees where the nectar is (facts) but tells them where to go as well (directions). The bee is able to drink the nectar and so flits from flower to flower and pollinates them. However, significant differences were observed b etween treated flowers a nd those exposed to natural l evels o f pollination and nectar removal. The cost of nectar may differ between species due to differences in the mode and frequency of sprouting ramets. Two pollination treatments (with or without repeated nectar removal) applied to plants manually cross-pollinated. Consequently, t here is conflicting evidence in terms o f reproductive fitness f or the b roadly a ssumed expenses in nectar production. Quantification of these parameters, such as nectar secretion rates, phenology and bat visitation behaviour provide insights into the selective pressures experienced by both partners. Of the total flowers used in our experiments none showed evidence of nectar-robbing. Other strategies such as nectar robbing, either by trochilids or passerines, were not recorded. Ants, widely regarded as the most important consumers of extrafloral nectar, made up only 60% of all nectary-visiting arthropods. Moreover, nectar-robbing, a foraging strategy that does not result in pollen transfer common among short-billed trochilids, seems to be reduced. Insect visitors totalled 21 species of bees and lepidopterans, including both pollinators and nectar robbers. During the flowering peak, a tree such as this can probably secrete >10 l of nectar (with >1.5 kg of dissolved sugar) per night. The sections differ from one another in numerous characters but an obvious difference is in the presence and location of specialized nectar-secreting flowers. The adult flies around feeding from nectars of the plant. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Consequently, the nectar resource is reserved only for hovering hummingbirds. Honeys can be from specific types of flower nectars or can be blended after collection. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Honey from goldenrods often is dark and strong due to admixtures of other nectars. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Summum has made a number of different types of nectars, each containing its own message. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Perception of the nectars' effects is said to depend upon the awareness of the person using them. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. There could be a gene for having a long nectar tube in the flowers and a gene for a long proboscis in the bees. The importance of floral and circum-floral nectar to ants inhabiting dry tropical lowlands. However, its net effect for the extrafloral nectar-producing plant is reduced protection against herbivores. Geometrids take nutrients from nectar rather than pollen and thus, like most pollinators, play an indirect role in pollination. The insects touched stigmas and anthers when collecting pollen and nectar. Male flowers provide pollen and nectar, whereas female flowers offer only nectar. However, the total amount of nectar offered by each tree individually is, to our knowledge, higher than that of any other studied species. Not all flowers secreted nectar, especially in the early morning. Here we only examined the effect of nectar replenishment on female fitness, and the effect of replenishment on male fitness awaits investigation. Volume was estimated by measuring the column of nectar extracted and relating its value to the length and total volume of the tube. The spectrum of potential pollinators is increased by giving access to nectar even to species with short or medium-long bills. Nectars are a type of non-carbonated soft drink made by muddling the flesh of fruits. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Mean nectar production rate versus mean hovering duration per hour (c). What densities (bees per ha) should be used to obtain adequate pollination, yet avoid competition for local pollen and nectar resources? Specialized flies have been proven capable of detecting and selectively favoring plant nectars with high amino acid concentrations. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Besides pollen, females may also be feeding on nectar. Flowers (n = 40, from 10 plants) were bagged to estimate daily nectar volume and sugar concentration (using a pocket refractometer). The mean territory size, however, provides much more nectar than the owner can use. In addition, 21 flowers were bagged from 06h30 to 15h30 to estimate daily production without nectar removal. Still, defence of large areas seems necessary to reduce nectar theft and cope with spatial resource unpredictability. Preferential nectar robbing of flowers with long corollas: experimental studies of two hummingbird species visiting three plant species. The methods used to quantify nectar were similar to experiment 2. Additionally, these ants feed on a variety of flower nectars, cacti fruit, and the excretions of aphids feeding on yucca plants. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Later the nectar dried out and turned into a solid sugary layer on top of the ovary or young fruit. Aggressiveness of breeding territorial honeyeaters corresponds to seasonal changes in nectar availability. The average volume of nectar produced per flower was 1.1 ml (n = 25 flowers). The female reproductive cost was assessed in manually, cross-pollinated flowers with or without repeated nectar removal. On the other hand, males should allocate most of their time to search and compete for receptive females, activities that predominantly require carbohydrates (nectar). We assumed that micropipette insertion has a negligible effect on nectar replenishment and properly simulates the probing behaviour of pollinators. Relationships between nectar production and honey bee preference. In all three species, females (resulting from fertilized eggs) are, on average, larger than males because they receive larger pollen-nectar resources than males (resulting from unfertilized eggs). The negative influence of size now extends to males and to nectar-feeding behaviour, broadening the conclusion that inadequate larval nutrition makes adults especially vulnerable to starvation. In this species, nectar production is restricted to the male flowers and insects are believed to make mistake visits to the female flowers and effect pollination. Both flowers and young fruits produced nectar. The role of an avian nectar robber and of hummingbird pollinators in the reproduction of two plant species. On the calculation of sugar concentration in flower nectar. Differences among locations in those conditions could affect the performance of the pollinator species through the differences in the amount and quality of the reward (nectar and pollen) obtained. The flowers of the third group were unbagged and exposed to natural levels of pollination and nectar removal by hummingbirds and flower mites potentially brought b y hummingbird bills. In arid environments such as these, nectar represents a significant investment by a plant, and its availability in time and space may constitute a limiting resource for nectar feeders. In general, another characteristic of this syndrome is rigidness of the corollas as an adaptation that minimizes possible damage caused by the pollinators upon extracting nectar. Both species spent up to 30 s lapping the nectar in each inflorescence and apparently did not damage the flowers although some young fruits were dislodged during their visits. The mass flowering and relatively high production of nectar per flower (mean of 310 l) resulted in a high nectar production (over 200 l per tree per season). The flowers produced no detectable nectar. However, neither nectar composition nor quantity were measured in the present experiments, because the main objective first was to establish any differential efficiency among pollinators as monitored through seed-set. Floral rewards: alternatives to pollen and nectar. The presence of these 'thieves' of extrafloral nectar therefore can cause ecological costs in terms of reduced presence of ants that consume extrafloral nectar and defend plants. Male and female trees can differ in their attractiveness to pollinators; staminate flowers p rovide pollen a nd mostly nectar, whereas pistillate flowers o ften have only nectar. Variation in the use of extra-floral nectar by ants. No forest flowers were nectar-robbed, whereas 3.7% of 163 buds, 83.3% of 24 open flowers and 95.9% of 49 wilted flowers were robbed at the open-land site. Ecological and evolutionary implications of digestive processes: bird preferences and the sugar constituents of floral nectar and fruit pulp. Hummingbirds' nectar concentration preferences at low volume: the importance of time scale. Generous-like flowers: nectar production in two epiphytic bromeliads and a meta-analysis of removal effects. Digestion strategies in nectar and fruit eating birds and the sugar composition of plant reward. Many plants attract ants with extrafloral nectar or food bodies. Mauritian red nectar remains a mystery. Observations of extrafloral nectar feeding by predaceous and fungivorous mites. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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