| 词汇 | example_english_microbial |
| 释义 | Examples of microbialThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. I also understand that some of you have expressed concerns in relation to the use of antibiotics in animal production and the related risk of development of resistance to anti-microbials. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English Calcite precipitation rate decreased with depth, and deeper microbial structures are more commonly compacted. Besides underestimation of the real total number of microorganisms, these indirect methods provide no information on physiological state of single microbial cells in situ. Seasonal effects on microbial biomass were few and inconsistent across locations. Microbial communities in permafrost samples were investigated by in-situ techniques of lipid microbial biomarkers analyses. We suggest that, with further statistical analyses, these nanoetching features could serve as a potential biosignature for microbial activity. Spacecrafts and the ultra clean rooms they are assembled in, are routinely monitored for microbial contamination. The third important factor in the pathogenesis of this disease is the presence of pathogens or imbalance in the intestinal microbial flora. Microbial communities in aquatic environments colonize surfaces by forming adherent biofilms. Due to sterile conditions, dead gyrodactylids were not subjected to microbial degradation and remained intact for several weeks. As aqueous levels are reduced by microbial action, the cells 'squeeze' additional substrate from the organic sponge, until the target molecule has been completely degraded. The microbial payloads can be captured in asteroids where they may multiply and disperse. We have developed techniques for the detection and classification of microbial populations through infrared remote sensing at terrestrial analogue sites. The introduction of competing non-pathogenic (probiotic) organisms into the gastrointestinal tract helps restore microbial balance which is initially disrupted by antibiotics. The local hardening and stabilization of these grainsupported facies by the microbial crusts, allowed the growth of coral-microbial reef and coral-bearing thrombolites of variable size. Coral-microbial reefs and oolitic-skeletal shoals were developed in inner ramp and proximal midramp areas. Coral-microbial reefs of variable dimension are locally found in some of these sequences. The effects of microgravity on the microbial community structure were not accounted for during this investigation. Fossils are a possibility, and even extant microbial life might be present. A microbiological ecosystem occurs whereby crystallized salt, lying in near-saturated salt water, is laden with microbial activity. Numerical simulation of convective plumes allows estimation of the maximum rate at which substrates and nutrients could be delivered to any microbial communities living therein. When coupled to microbial metabolic models, these simulations can provide an estimate of the size of such communities. From each site, four samples were analysed for structural microbial and organic content. Microbial life can thus exist in isolated geothermal refuges despite long-term subfreezing surface conditions. The results suggest significant microbial diversity in all samples. The microbial community was seen to have a profound effect on mineral texture and on metal partitioning. Advances in understanding community architecture in the oral ecosystem will be applicable to many mixed-species microbial communities. They probably represent remnants of microbial mats that developed on the seafloor during the quiescence periods of submarine hydrothermal activity. To date, it has not been known what kinds of organisms comprise these complex microbial ecosystems. While on the one hand microbial growth and metabolic rates can be slowed down at low temperatures, physiochemical processes may also contribute to lower rates. No participant received anti-microbial prophylaxis prior to this event. Markers for quantifying microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. The water content was adjusted to comprise 0.55 of the waterholding capacity, which gives optimal conditions for microbial activity. Is the microbial community in a soil with reduced catabolic diversity less resistant to stress or disturbance? In the following sections the focus will be on the main microbial processes that are directly of relevance to agriculture. Today, nodule formation is known to occur through complex interactions between plant and microbial processes whose biological, biochemical and genetic aspects have been much studied. Biofilms are ubiquitous in nature and more than 60% of all microbial infections are now believed to involve biofilms. Biofilms recovered in this way retain their natural heterogeneous architecture and are similar to interproximal plaque in terms of thickness and microbial composition. The same samples contain low and very low concentrations of alkylated derivatives of the above-mentioned structures, indicating a lack of microbial reprocessing. Films of microbial mats might be present, paralleling bedding planes. There is much to interest the general microbial ecologist here as well as the more obvious plant patholog y audience. My own, admittedly biased, view is that microbial systems play an increasingly important role in the study of evolution. In the channel casts, the sandstone packages are separated by oscillation wave ripples and microbial structures. The alvinellid microbial community is the subject of our current project to understand the functional metagenomics of this community consortia. We independently characterized cyanobacterial, bacterial, and archaeal groups, and their spatial variations for two microbial mat systems: subtidal hypersaline mats and intertidal sand flat mats. To examine microbial responses, we inoculated these solutions and wet carbonaceous chondrite meteorites with microorganisms. However, research needs to be completed on the effects of low pressure on microbial and plant growth and human activities. There is little reason to suppose that the microbial descendents of an alternative origin of life could not participate in such a system. Also, the increase in residue biomass with time likely stimulated microbial activity and therefore increased the production of carbonic acid, a by-product from microbial respiration. Microbial immobilization of ammonium and nitrate in relation to ammonification and nitrification rates in organic and conventional cropping systems. Microbial biomass as in index for tillageinduced changes in soil biological properties. In the present study, microbial proliferation could not account for the loss of viability of the embryos during storage, since it did not occur. Seeds were sprayed with 0.05% benomyl solution at the beginning of the tests and whenever there was visible microbial growth during incubation. Therefore, the microbial loading and subsequent growth of microorganisms during the pretreatment facilitated seed germination. Furthermore, high temperatures increase microbial and faunal decomposition activity in the lowland compared to the highland. Since collembolan densities were highest at the beginning of the experiment, they likely were responsible for reducing microbial biomass. Most important nutrient exchanges i n t he phyllosphere-atmosphere i nterface are mediated by microbial populations. Microbial biomass acts as a source of plant nutrients in dry tropical forest and savanna. A comparative assessment of factors which influence microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen levels in soil. Among abalone populations, the microbial pressure on the egg surface could be different both spatially and temporally, depending on the habitats and geographical distributions. Fertilization, cortical reaction, polyspermypreventing and anti-microbial mechanisms in fish eggs. As witnessed by the stromatolite record, benthic microbial mats grew in shallow water lagoonal environments. The consortia living in the microbial mats would have included heterotrophic as well as chemolithotrophic organisms. Our comparative studies demonstrate the power of this technique that promises to revolutionize studies of microbial population structures. Biologists had stumbled across a new form of microbial life without recognizing that they had done so. We define these structures as microbioids : microparticles which in form, size, shape and association have microbial-like characteristics. Potassium has low participation in microbial metabolism; its availability is not very sensitive to biochemical changes in the soil13. Microbial biomass as an index for tillageinduced changes in soil biological properties. The key to successful landfarming is reducing limitations that slow or inhibit microbial processes. Response of cold-adapted microbial populations in a permafrost profile to hydrocarbon contaminants. Studies of microbial carbonates have instead largely concentrated on the diverse sedimentary products of microbial mats that include stromatolites and thrombolites. Direct microbial production (precipitation exceeding dissolution reactions) and indirect precipitation (through modification of the physicochemical environment) are key processes that facilitate carbonate precipitation. Although suggesting the presence of microbial organisms, the results were regarded as being controversial, because conclusive demonstration of biological origin remained difficult. Here we focus specifically on compartmentation at the intracellular level of microbial organellar cytology. The data currently available indicate that there is a correlation between treeline and microbial composition of the soil. The extreme chemistry of the environment is produced by a microbial ecosystem that metabolizes sulfide minerals and produces sulfuric acid as a byproduct. Rather, due to frequent impact transport, they represented a continuous environment for early microbial life. Areas that remain continuously moist and host well-developed microbial communities are generally sites of reduced or no silica deposition. Understanding the processes that influence the viability of today's extant mats allows us to gain insight into ancient microbial processes. Our comparative study demonstrates the power of this technique that promises to revolutionize studies of microbial population structures. In order to evaluate this adaptation capacity, we examined microbial response to highly chlorinated molecules. Generally, greater than six-log reductions in microbial populations can be achieved within 10-30 min of exposure to the plasmas. Thus, the fossil microbial forms that were detected within the samples probably represent the remains of thermophilic (hyperthermophilic?) iron bacteria. Several microbial antigens have been identified as potentially important in the process of the induction of autoimmunity by molecular mimicry. Several microbial diseases are characterised by severe vascular lesions attributed to direct microbial-replicationinduced damage to endothelial cells. Trough cross-bedded, coarse grainstones are shown to transit downdip into finer-grained calcarenites, irregular microbial laminites and mottled laminites. Distribution of microbial biomass and its activity in different soil aggregate size classes as affected by cultivation. Also, accumulation of microbial mass and digestion of substrate are not independent processes. Microbial mass is synthesized in the rumen either directly or indirectly from digestion of substrate. The results were compared with the microbial quality of normal tapwater, which was used several times daily in the laboratory. Simulations were performed in three different scenarios of availability of ammonium and oxygen, to evaluate the evolution of the three microbial species present. Possessing changes in microorganism type is obvious for multi-species biofilms that have distinctly different microbial types, such as heterotrophs and autotrophs. What are the evolutionary selective costs and benefits of microbial behaviors? What are the key parameters that dictate the ultimate configuration and activity of microbial populations and how do these parameters change over time? We propose that, in addition to their role in survival, biofilms also play an important role in microbial proliferation. The system will provide the material to better measure microbial hardening of sandstone surfaces by microbial communities. The amounts of dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass were computed on an oven-dry basis. Fundamental discussions of metal(loid) bioavailability and microbial transformations accompany applied topics like bioremediation and soil applications of metal-containing wastes. The natural product chlorofusin is a fungal metabolite containing a peptide segment that was discovered by screening over 53 000 microbial extracts. The biological processes that are designed to combat the microbial threat become the forces that are responsible for the substantial morbidity and mortality. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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