| 词汇 | example_english_memory-span |
| 释义 | Examples of memory spanThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Phonological memoryspan serves as the window on language evidence. On the interpretation of working memoryspan in adults. Below we review how constructions may differ in difficulty and how working memoryspan and phonological ability may selectively impact certain structures. The decline in memoryspan for words sometimes observed in the elderly may reflect the other side of the coin. Forty-eight patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy control subjects underwent a battery of verbal memory tasks, including free recall, recognition and short-term memoryspan. Memoryspan was operationalised as the length of the last correctly recalled sequence. There is considerable evidence that phonological memory, most often tested using nonword repetition or immediate memoryspan measures, is related to vocabulary learning. The memoryspan test may seem transparently simple, but its full interpretation has many nuances. Where, then, does this leave the notion that bilingual memoryspan capacity is determined by word length and the rate of subvocal rehearsal? To summarise, the results of the memoryspan task were relatively straightforward. A closer scrutiny of the results is required before it can be concluded that memoryspan is mediated by subvocal rehearsal alone. To this end, they developed the working memoryspan task. The term (1/m) could represent a "theoretical maximum memoryspan," given a memory system subject to overwriting. This short memoryspan for dreams is evidenced by the fact that so few people recall their dreams in the morning. Recall that all child groups in the current study had memoryspan scores significantly less than the adults. To avoid the problem of ceiling and floor effects, a memoryspan procedure was used. One subject's prospective memoryspan increased from one to five minutes, and that of the other improved from two to ten minutes. Participants completed measures of intelligence, motor function, attention, memoryspan, verbal fluency, immediate and delayed verbal memory, and working memory. The size of the largest set of sentences in which all last words were recalled correctly represented the participant's memoryspan. Working memory capacity is conventionally estimated via working memoryspan tasks. Next, we turn to the memoryspan task. Differences in the learners' working memoryspan, however, did not appear to influence the learners' processing behavior. They found that when translating noncognates from one language to the other, there was an advantage associated with higher memoryspan. Bilingual working memoryspan is affected by language skill. As was noted above for recognition, performance on memoryspan tests depends importantly on selective attention. Rather, low working memoryspan, poor phonological ability or other factors could be responsible for the low performance. The amnesia may occur in the context of a normal immediate memoryspan. The processing speed had a significant effect on all tasks of efficiency as well as on working memoryspan. These included measures of word and nonword repetition, semantic and phonological fluency, rhyme identification, initial phoneme deletion, and various memoryspan tests. The results of the nonword memoryspan task may be summarised as follows. Memoryspan is defined as the largest number of items a subject is able to recall in correct order. The relationship between memoryspan and processing speed. For these bilinguals, however, articulation time did not predict a memoryspan equivalence between the languages. Our results, consistent with this, indicate that working memoryspan plays a role in grammaticality judgment mastery, but also only for particular constructions. This paper examines the role of age, working memoryspan and phonological ability in the mastery of ten different grammatical constructions. In children, working memoryspan has been found to be correlated with some aspects of language ability in both typical and atypical populations. After adjusting the memory and verbal learning tasks for informationprocessing speed, the difference between study groups disappeared in working memoryspan and immediate memory tasks. Partial matching theory and the memoryspan. Reasons for the growth of traditional memoryspan across age. Furthermore, the composite phonological sensitivity measure explained significant variation (7%) in nonword repetition, even when the effects of age and the composite measure of verbal memoryspan were controlled. Syntactic complexity and adults' running memoryspan. The relationship between memoryspan and measures of imitative and spontaneous language complexity in preschool children. Speech rate and the development of short-term memoryspan. Verbal memoryspan and the timing of spoken recall. However, reflections on one area of evidence, that of working memoryspan, shows the extent to which the research debate can be circumscribed by choice of experimental paradigms. Experiment 2 found that for items with no pre-existing lexical representations (nonwords), articulation time was a more reliable predictor of memoryspan than language dominance for all three groups. Operational efficiency and the growth of short-term memoryspan. What limits children's working memoryspan? For these bilinguals, therefore, it could not be determined whether memoryspan capacity was mediated by factors related to language dominance or the rate of subvocal rehearsal. The number of digits correctly recalled in forward order on the digit span task was interpreted as a measure of short-term attention and verbal memoryspan. Memoryspan : sources of individual and developmental differences. The role of long-term memory mechanisms in memoryspan. Under these circumstances, the memoryspan difference between words and nonwords could not be attributed to variation in word length and the rate of subvocal rehearsal. For the measurement of memoryspan, a set of random word sequences was constructed for each word pool with the restriction that the same words should not occur contiguously. The composite memoryspan measure did not account for significant variation in vocabulary after the effects of age and a composite phonological sensitivity measure were controlled. In the dominant language, on the other hand, long-term memory makes a greater contribution to short-term memory capacity, and hence the marginally lower correlation between articulation time and memoryspan. Subvocalisation rate versus other predictors of the memoryspan. Under these circumstances, an association between articulation time and memoryspan could be attributed equally to a variation in either speech rate or to language dominance. Then, measures of memoryspan were taken. Enhancement of 4-year old children's memoryspan for phonological similar and dissimilar word lists. Operational efficiency the growth of short-term memoryspan. Dissociative style and individual differences in verbal working memoryspan. Information, acoustic confusion and memoryspan. It is important for children, whose memoryspan can be very short. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 These factors, if not carefully controlled, cause the memoryspan test to be statistically unreliable. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. For serial recall, the modality effect is seen in an increased memoryspan for auditorally presented lists. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Memoryspan has been found to increase with age, up to a given point. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Most investigators point out that the stimuli used in testing memoryspan should be presented with as little rhythm as possible. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The theory is that people have a memoryspan of about seven items for numbers, the same for letters that sound dissimilar and short words. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. On the final test, the average working memoryspan of the sleep-deprived group had dropped by 38% in comparison to the control group. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The working memoryspan is a behavioural measure of exceptional consistency and is a positive function of the rate of subvocalization. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The capacity of short-term memory is often called memoryspan, in reference to a common procedure of measuring it. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In a memoryspan test, the experimenter presents lists of items (e.g. digits or words) of increasing length. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Memoryspan is defined as the maximum number of items that participants correctly recall in 50% of trials. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. It should be pointed out that if the mental age of the individual does not increase, the memoryspan will not, either. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Other factors are intrinsic in the individual, and it is these factors which are the basis of true memoryspan. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Memoryspan is a common measure of short-term memory. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Memoryspan is transitory; memory is fairly permanent. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This questioned the interpretation of memoryspan as a measure of the capacity of a central short-term memory or working memory. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Other evidence attributes differences in interpreting ambiguous sentences to working memoryspan. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The working memoryspan is also affected by sleep deprivation. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The memoryspan is projected to be shorter with letters that sound similar and longer words. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Subjects also display an increased memoryspan for concrete words like "hammer" over abstract ones like "justice". From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Though numerous factors affect memoryspan, the test is one that shows surprisingly high reliability. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. So far as is known, memoryspan increases along with intelligence, and is generally found to level off at a similar point. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. It is also known that memoryspan and memory are different in the length of time over which reproduction is possible. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Therefore, these associated cues do not directly control the potential effect of proactive interference on short term memoryspan. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Working memoryspan tasks may measure interference-proneness in addition to capacity for both older and younger adults, suggest that resistance to interference may also affect performance on many cognitive tasks. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. While adults tend to have a higher working memoryspan, they sometimes spend more time resolving the ambiguity but tend to be more accurate in their final interpretation. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. To generalize, memoryspan refers to the ability of an individual to reproduce immediately, after one presentation, a series of discrete stimuli in their original order. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. How many levels can our attention and memory spans take in? He noticed that the memoryspan of young adults was around seven elements, called chunks, regardless whether the elements were digits, letters, words, or other units. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. However, the limit of short-term memory can not easily be characterized as a constant magic spell either, because memoryspan depends also on other factors besides speaking duration. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The theoretical and actual maximum memory spans as predicted by partial matching theory. This external search includes seeking information in the socially distributed memory spanning friends and experts and in human artifacts such as libraries and the internet. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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