| 词汇 | example_english_market-price |
| 释义 | Examples of market priceThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Marketprice risk is the predominant, although not the unique source of financial risk when equity investment is allowed for. Based upon this limited information, we ask the subjects to predict next periods marketprice for 50 consecutive periods. The level of income transfer therefore fluctuates in line with the world marketprice, increasing as the world price falls. After that, however, the procurement price was set without regard to the marketprice. Improvements in breeding technology, through biotechnology for example, may increase breeders' demand for germplasm and thus raise its value and marketprice. There is no centralized trading location and no publicly posted marketprice. We therefore felt the marketprice was unreliable. For agroforestry projects to compete in carbon markets, their sequestration cost needs to be lower than the marketprice of carbon. As is standard in the household economics literature, we value all home production that is used for a household's own consumption at its marketprice. This perturbation takes more than one time period before it is reflected in the marketprice of uncertainty. We use this adjustment to compute a "marketprice of model uncertainty" and study how it affects the marketprice of risk. This section also contains our bounds calculations for the marketprice of risk. Second, we explore the implications for the equity premium and the marketprice of risk for the class of models we thus are restricted to. In the marketprice method, the time input of informal caregivers is valued at its marketprice. This helps to ensure a better marketprice and to enable growers avoid a glut on the market. In each period, the aggregate realized marketprice depends upon the individual expectations of 6 participants. When some of the state variables are hidden from decision makers, taking account of this complexity might well boost the marketprice of uncertainty. 10. The marketprice of the bonds would be equal to the face value of the bonds. In textbook analyses, utility can be scaled such that the marginal utility of a consumption good is equal to the marketprice. Each of these coins commands a premium of 0.001 to 0.005 tael, depending on the marketprice for silver. Captive supplies and the cash marketprice: a spatial markets approach. We find that our parameterization of the marketprice of risk indeed produces foreign exchange risk premia with the requisite properties. According to one estimate, the marketprice of the 15 bighas over which the bustee stands is as high as three crores of rupees. The consumers' price is higher than the marketprice would have been had there been no restriction. This is not a marketprice, but can be thought of as a technical conversion coefficient. The marketprice of quota, in turn, would provide a uniform global incentive for efficient abatement. If there is no marketprice, an accounting price must be estimated. When is equal to one, all fish harvested are valued at marketprice. The average marketprice was used for households that did not sell the goods. The marketprice of the produce was taken as the opportunity cost of the production of the forage legumes. Yet, long-term time-series on organic marketprice data are limited. Producers thus have to forecast the marketprice one period ahead. From equation (13), it is clear that in this case the marketprice of risk will be very high. Thus, for the incomplete-markets model to give an increase in the equity premium, it must have a higher marketprice of risk. It thus would take an order-of-magnitude higher consumption variability to increase the marketprice of risk in this economy. Given these arguments, what would constitute a sufficient condition for an increase in the marketprice of risk? The consumers' price is higher than what the marketprice would have been had there been no restriction. Which expectations hypothesis is a good description of aggregate realized marketprice fluctuations in a cobweb economy? We want quantitative estimates of how filtering affects the marketprice of model uncertainty. The picture for the marketprice as an anchor appears differently. On the other hand, the employer is likely to have faced the marketprice for casual labour. Instead, he seems to have faced the marketprice of labour. However, since this study was undertaken in 1990, the marketprice for sugar has fallen dramatically. The quota allocations are fixed and the guaranteed export price, based on the intervention price, is significantly higher than the world marketprice. To discourage the black market, meal was not sold at reduced rates but at its marketprice (84). The world marketprice is assumed constant (and normalized), that is, concerning the foreign market a "total pricing-to-market" of domestic exporters is assumed. The realized marketprice is determined by aggregation over six individual price forecasts. At the end of that period, the experimenter announces the most accurate predicted price ratio, and the marketprice ratio. Because the marketprice is observed costlessly, the added value of private information will be low. Because the supply of shares is stochastic, the marketprice does not fully reveal this private information; information is thus a valuable commodity. The procurement price offered by the government was nearly the same as the free marketprice and acceptable to the farmers at that time. The prevailing marketprice for silver also was taken into consideration. Now a commodity's shadow price isn't necessarily the same as its marketprice. However, they kept the producer price of groundnuts substantially below the world marketprice, at a level which they felt just sufficient to encourage production. Where there is no marketprice, the shadow value can be determined using cost-benefit analysis. In national expenditure, the value of net investment is taken to be the marketprice. A fair marketprice was a recognized right. The strategy could also be used to ensure a better marketprice and to help growers to avoid a glut on the market. The amplitude of realized marketprice fluctuations depends heavily on the sensitivity of the realized market equilibrium price to individual expectations. The basic idea behind market-oriented programming is to view, design and implement agent systems according to economic principles of markets and marketprice systems. In the case study below we set the imputed cost equal to the actual or estimated marketprice. However, we can control for this by subtracting the average marketprice change from the change in the steel index. The lower panel shows the returns of the marketprice, computed as log increments over unit time intervals. However, under the most severe borrowing constraints that we consider, the marketprice of risk is quite close to the observed value. We express the equity premium as a product of two factors: the standard deviation of the excess return and the marketprice of risk. These points are illustrated in our discussion below of how the marketprice of risk is determined in the present model. For farmers with base acres, most subsidy payments made after 1996 did not depend upon the crop grown, yield, or marketprice. Only those who are willing to pay at least the increased marketprice are left. The marketprice, barter method, and opportunity cost approach were used in valuing forest products. It therefore can be misleading to focus on the amount of idiosyncratic risk as the sole determinant of the marketprice of risk. The greatest uncertainty facing co-forestry groups in assessing cash flow is the marketprice for sawn timber. In that case, the marketprice would be so high that an individual firm would benefit by making a unilateral decision to start producing again. This marketprice is equal to the costs of hiring a professional caregiver to perform the caregiving activities (19). The government also sold grain in the free market in order to alleviate the pressure on its storage capacity which further depressed the marketprice. The free marketprice in the late 1940s was 8-10 francs. By analogy with the treatment of capital, the marketprice is a practical substitute in the green accounts. A substantial grant element seems justified in order to offset the wedge between the marketprice of land and the capitalized value of farm profits. When households operate in fuel markets, their decision price is determined by the marketprice. To the extent that the marketprice of fish we use does not fully reflect the true social value of fish, this would be true. Due to the absence of marketprice data, a parametric model of trading is not estimated. It is not easy to know whether a marketprice was adhered to or whether the real estate was sold at a lower value. However, this holds true of any marketprice. He also sold bread at less than half the marketprice and set up kitchens that distributed free soup. The main thrust of this move was to de-emphasise price stabilisation by reducing the differential between the world marketprice and domestic price. In most cost benefit analyses, opportunity costs are already accounted for as part of direct costs, since they are embedded in resources' marketprice. We use the above arguments to derive a bound for the marketprice of risk that applies in incomplete-markets economies. Having established the role and determinants of the marketprice of risk in our economy, what are its quantitative properties in the computed equilibrium? The size of the marketprice of risk depends crucially on the constraints on borrowing. In both models, low marketprice of risk ratios follow from the smoothness of the pricing kernel, which is equal to the consumption growth. It was, however, vital to avoid ungentlemanly competition when agents from the same retail area pushed up the marketprice of dramatic properties. In the slow-learning simulations, the marketprice quickly converged to the rational expectations price, whereas in the fast-learning simulations the complex behavior emerged. When the marketprice is in line with the natural price, the market is said to be functioning properly. Following a change in government there might be a 1 per cent increase in the average marketprice. These estimates allow us to test whether the shadow value of maize is significantly different from the prevailing marketprice. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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