| 词汇 | example_english_mandate |
| 释义 | Examples of mandateThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Both, in the first instance, had essentially macroeconomic mandates - stability and growth respectively. The new law stipulates that 60 per cent of all constitutionally mandated state and municipal funding must be allocated to primary education. The most plausible explanation for the constitutional concern with rules is that most states of affairs are constitutionally optional-neither forbidden nor mandated. If it is mandated that all produce be sold on market day, produce may be sold at a less-than-desirable price. The phonologist and the phonetician have overlapping mandates inasmuch as each is charged with the description and explanation of speech production and perception. The constantly emerging new evidence and new medications mandates a level of dynamism in formularies that may be difficult to maintain. They might have to operate in the interstices of institutional guidelines and testing mandates. Antiemetic prophylaxis was recommended during daily temozolomide exposure, and mandated during the conventional 5-day treatment. However, his thesis that the mandates ' contributed to an evolution in the culture of colonialism ' in general is rather more difficult to sustain. On the other hand, the small number of patients in this study population mandates cautious interpretation of the results. The horse also has a very stiff chest wall that limits the thoracic displacement to ventilation during exercise86 and mandates a proportionally greater diaphragmatic displacement. Thus, the actual oath of office sworn by the new president is a significant constitutionally mandated gateway. With this law, expensive devices were mandated to be subject to hospital planning. Several agencies mentioned in the study now have different tasks and mandates and accordingly have different denominations. In the paper, we argue that the fact that the government mandates a pension scheme that is not fully funded automatically creates an implicit liability. The administration argued that constitutionally mandated spending severely limited the executive's powers. Before we turn to the first, we briefly present our theory of mandates. Rather than simply implementing national mandates, decentralised federations enjoy considerable autonomy over the substance of policy. Respondents gave examples of follow-up action, such as laws mandating random screening of drivers for alcohol, formal organized screening programs, or special payment provisions. No federal law mandates the appropriate organizational form for different types of government activity. On one journey he mandated that everything that was not absolutely essential be discarded. An examination of the formal instructions issued to the expedition leaders shows clearly what mandates had been provided by their governments. The literature highlights three major business structures: (1) cooperative or grower member owned; (2) private or corporate ownership; and (3) government supported or mandated. Having formulated a strategy, trustees then issue contracts or ' mandates' to managers, setting out specific instructions, performance standards and fees, as noted above. As a result, constitutionally mandated federal transfers to subnational governments increased in real terms by 124 per cent from 1994 to 2001. Where institutions are unstable or not adequately endowed, the broader mandates of economic development, environmental protection, and social well-being can not be realized. The participatory vision implied the rights of citizens to take non-electoral collective political actions if their elected representatives were not abiding by their mandates. In many villages, at most the water management reforms mandated that water fees paid by farmers should be reduced. If possible, parliamentary and party double mandates were to be avoided. Under pressure to satisfy instructional mandates, but lacking coordinated assistance from educational bodies or outside parties, schools are often left to their own devices. The findings provide evidence of the influence of all three mandates. First, the two presidents had very different mandates from the electorate, and very different historical missions to fulfill. The existing educational logic mandates that the school determines the content and process of learning, rather than the student, practicum company and supervisor. In these examples, there is no dispute about whether the voting rule mandates a simple majority or some particular supermajority. The child's best interest mandates that he have two caring parents. Next the author examines the reasons for restricting withdrawals from retirement accounts and more specifically, for mandating at least partial annuitization. The people of this country mandated him to be their ruler. Limits on exposures to single borrowers are unnecessary for the most part, since diversification mandated by prudence would require small stakes in any case. Prudent diversification is still warranted, but could be mandated by prudent person rules. We find that mandating choice could increase plan sponsors' pension expenses above their current cost for traditional defined benefit plans. The same simulation approach is then applied to assess the possible results and reactions if pension costs did rise due to mandated choice. Under current practice, mandates are usually specified over a three- to four-year contract period. If these strategies are effective, we would expect to see smoother and higher returns among funds issuing more mandates. Student characteristics, statewide mandated tests, and district policies were three major forces influencing and controlling the kind of reading assessment used by teachers. In 1717, an exponent of the wool trade proposed the reintroduction of sixteenth-century sumptuary laws which mandated the wearing of wool. Although most countries in the panel have created executive agencies, overlapping mandates among related sectoral agencies are a common feature. With unfunded mandates, expenditure autonomy becomes a non-issue, as the freedom to spend is eliminated de facto by a lack of funds. Ontological heterogeneity permits equal standing for different types and mandates investigation of the details of such difference. Of course, there are enormous problems in mandating equal participation when there are relatively few women to choose from. During that stage, task forces and special commissions are often created with mandates to produce orientation papers and scenarios for change. However, good review articles are not always available, and their absence mandates the use of other techniques. While members of the national parliament, they care about their local mandates and autonomy. Strategies for cadaveric organ procurement: mandated choice and presumed consent. In our earlier work, our task was to identify elections that conferred mandates. Younger women have also been found to be more influenced by, and therefore more vulnerable to, mandated cultural standards of the ideal body. The distribution of parents' care between spouses is, however, of particular theoretical interest because it involves divergent cultural mandates. The first hypothesis addressed the influence of cultural mandates on spouses' relative involvement in care. We assume that these mandates play an important role in the division of care between spouses. Similarly, cultural mandates differ by type of family work. Their predominance reflects partly more opportunities for care and partly kinship and cross-gender mandates. Decisions about which computer-based authoring options to pick are mandated by needs, expertise and finances. Sustainable maximization of economic yields of these crops is one of the cardinal goals of research and extension mandates in the country. Legitimacy does not merely refer to legally mandated relationships. Whereas respect for a dead body is important, the mandates of healing and saving life are even more powerful. A carefully designed strategy to pilot a mandated choice system remains untested. The results clearly mandated a single component solution that accounted for 74% of the variance. The nature of the flow, and the expectation that standard contour-plotting routines would be called, mandated use of a square grid. There is no doubt that this haste and the coercion it required were designed, or at least centrally mandated, by the state machinery. Moreover, it is possible that firms pay workers a compensating difference for the loss in performance when heavy investments in employer stock are mandated. Finally, we assess the possible results and reactions from mandating choice. Such legal challenges have, in turn, prompted policymakers to leap into the fray with the goal of mandating plan choice. In some instances, we have received referrals from the courts, which have mandated that troubled children attend bereavement groups. A number of countries progressed from internal to external accountability by mandating the publication of school performance results. We now face the final question in our assessment of mandates: do the politics surrounding mandates lead to notable changes in the direction of policy? First, where did these social constructions of electoral mandates come from? If they do, we have evidence that mandates foster responsiveness. Similarly, when higher courts give mandates to lower courts, they come with a penalty for non-compliance. The centralist position, however, is that effective (non-corrupt) public administration is best achieved through a single principal (the executive) and agents holding distinct (non-overlapping) mandates. They both embraced individual rights in the face of arbitrarily imposed communal or government mandates. In this way their mandates would coincide with the presidency. The courts, however, ruled that the tax subsidies that had been legally mandated were an ' acquired right ' that the government could not revoke. To be included in a class-action suit, moreover, this legislation mandated that each person provide his or her written consent. In addition, in some countries, farmers are limited in their choice of cultivar to those few varieties mandated by their government42. Returns from the 22-59 mandates group dominate returns from all other groups, and would be preferred by risk-averse agents. The plan mandated a stronger intelligence collection effort. Government does not compensate for any mandates imposed on them. Such ethically or medically based mandates are not the initial focus. A constitution was established mandating compulsory education through primary school. Although that interpretation may be suggested and even encouraged, it is not mandated. However, they could not evade the spirit or the provisions of the mandates altogether. There was also support for the kinship and cross-gender mandates. How these mandates operate on the spousal division of care depends on who is the care recipient. Without nationally mandated standards, state politicians have incentives to restrict eligibility and benefit levels. Democratic princes can energetically pursue public policies-whether in security, trade, technology, or welfare-because they feel, and to a degree are, mandated so to do. Secondly, were these effects present only in the years that were construed as conferring mandates? Political science has not come to terms with the idea of electoral mandates. We then used this measure for the three congressional sessions following elections that the media decided were mandates (1964, 1980 and 1994). Not surprisingly, the conservative mandates stand out for the opposite reason, replacing the usual liberal policy activity with conservative action. The effects from the mandates will be strongest at the start of the session. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。