| 词汇 | example_english_jury |
| 释义 | Examples of juryThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Discussion of juries is particularly compelling, since they were at the heart of the issue of proof. Within five years he was acting as the jury's foreman. However, grand juries were not exclusively made up of the largest landowners ; nor were all the major proprietors in a county appointed as jurors. They acknowledge that juries make mistakes from time to time. In theory, that difficulty could be resolved by having judges instruct juries about the meaning of reasonable doubt. The study ranges citizens' juries at the top, followed in descending order by deliberative polls, citizens' panels, public meetings, focus groups, and opinion polls. Evidently - scientists, historians, judges and juries ask this question about their hypotheses. Scores ranging from 1-12 are awarded to each performance by national juries and, where possible, by audience televoting. They did not find student juries to be more lenient. The admission of spectral evidence at the indictments served the principle of presumptive evidence similar to a grand jury's inquiry into probable cause. Instead, judges and juries realize the press of compassion on the emotional state of the spouse or companion, and lessen the sentence. The emphasis of discussion of these notions is on the states of mind involved in the judge's or jury's determining of the facts. The grand jury's no bill says merely that there is insufficient evidence to indict. Whether this is true is unclear; however, more important, this particular narrative made sense to judges and juries, and defendants capitalized on this narrative. While the leading landowners of the county continued to play a part at the assizes, they were conspicuous by their absence from the sessions juries. The non architect element of these judging juries is strong and over the years has been so successful that it is likely to be strengthened. To make matters worse, revelations about the summer grand jury's composition were something less than reassuring. On occasions grand juries were prepared to take on an unprecedented role in exerting an explicit measure of social control within their counties. Further to this it attempts to analyse the social composition of juries through a study of the methods of selection, and the attendant qualification criteria. Additionally, from 1707, grand juries held the power to ' present ' individuals in order to demand a bond for good behaviour. Officials were also criticised for their apparent heartlessness as noted by, for example, coroners' juries. Situations like this sometimes lie behind hung juries in criminal trials. Local purgers did not mean to replace the legal purge; they participated in it by arresting individuals, compiling dossiers, serving on juries and attending trials. Previous formal work has assessed the unanimity requirement for juries mainly in terms of the rule's effect on individuals. We do not know reasons for the juries' decisions. In this respect, the outcomes of these cases may be contrasted with the much less forgiving reactions of juries in livestock theft prosecutions. In some cases they avoided a trial because they were not confident that they could prove authorship to the jury's satisfaction. The potential of juries also seems to have been explicitly acknowledged by the central government. Amongst the most important duties of these men was the selection of county grand juries. The fact that men served repeatedly on juries under different sheriffs also suggests that patronage was not the sole governing factor in selection. Note that even prominent newspapers have suggested that juries should be replaced with judges. After swift and superficial trials before white judges and juries, the outcomes would never be in doubt. In 1721 a dozen men served as jurors both at the sessions and assizes ; yet by 1736 the two juries had no common members. Over the following seven years he appeared on eight assize grand juries. The end result, however, was to provide juries with considerable budgets. The jury's funds were raised by means of a ' cess ' : a land tax payable by the occupiers, rather than the owners of the land. Given that it was not exclusively large landholders who sat on juries, it seems other criteria must have been applied to jurors. Particularly illustrative was the debate over the establishment of juries in the new nation. Subjects of common-law systems have a duty to serve on juries if asked. Even judges began publicly calling on juries to reach convictions, while other judges criticized their colleagues for their behavior. When the parties to a case had married, however, grand juries did follow district attorneys' recommendations, and dismissed the charges. Exactly how influential juries were is open to debate. The jury's acquittal says that the state's case against the accused failed to persuade them beyond a reasonable doubt. The important question, then, is what reason there is to suppose that juries are typically acting one way or the other. Cooperative judges encouraged grand juries to broaden their investigations beyond their original intent as a way to prejudice public opinion in the city against labor. Unlike court experts or those serving in expert juries, there was no legal procedure to define experts qua expert witnesses. I think his complaints boil down to three main issues: glaring functional problems in prize-winning buildings, arrogant architects out of touch with popular taste, and prejudiced competition juries. In an age when central government impinged little upon the lives of the majority of the population, the administrative powers of assize juries were comparatively extensive and wideranging. There is no doubt that there are cases that might be decided differently by various judges or juries and either result would be affirmed on appeal. Ultimately, the uncertainty of language doomed the crown lawyers to failure, because they had too much difficulty convincing juries that what they called libels were indeed libellous. Middling sort juries, who were capable of exploiting their position to exercise independent authority in the criminal law, could also use it to stake a claim to political authority. From 1705, however, the powers and responsibilities of juries were more clearly defined, and provincial quarter session grand juries were limited, in most cases, to making presentments of £20 or below. There are many other forms of participatory and deliberative institution, including policy dialogue, citizens' juries, deliberative opinion polls, dialogue networks and some forms of public inquiry. The emphasis was on consensus, something still reflected in the common law's attachment to the unanimity of a jury's decision in preference to a verdict by simple majority. As in all things in language, the jury's still out. Now special jurors did not invariably vote to convict in libel cases, and many juries chosen for libel cases included more than a few common jurors. What, then, is the "right" result to be reached through settlement when it is anticipated that some judges or juries would impose liability and others would not? In many of these cases, courts and juries often chose to look the other way when faced with exclusionary blood tests that could have exonerated the defendant. Many judges and juries fell back on the pre-industrial assumption that once a man married a woman he was automatically the father of any children she bore. A custom-based legal standard attempts to keep juries within the bounds of actual medical practice rather than imposing their possibly unrealistic notions of what physicians should be able to accomplish. The jury's role is simply to follow the judge's instructions as to the appropriate legal standard and determine liability by applying this standard to the facts of the case. The judge's instructions articulated the fellowser vant rule quite clearly, and it seems beyond dispute that the jury's verdict was, in fact, contrary to those instructions. In one sense, the first part of his title is grossly misleading, because he includes chapters on plaintiffs, lawyers, clients, judges and juries as well as defendants and witnesses. Citizens juries and the new genetic technologies. The jury's role is solely to determine the facts of the case and to reach a verdict. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 They provide that juries may consist of only seven jurors instead of twelve and that the age of service may be raised. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The parliamentary draftsman has done his best, but it will be extremely difficult for judges, let alone juries, to understand what it means. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Clearly, the jury's view of what is obscene will change in line with contemporary standards, and that is as it should be. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 One must accept that view and that the public interest will not in practice be harmed by the exclusion of juries from such inquiries. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 If one goes into the history of special juries, one finds they were set up originally for one purpose—and one purpose only. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I believe that juries do their best impartially to administer justice. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I do think it shows very little sense of trust, either in your judges or your juries. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Juries, not being "employed", are independent of the state. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Women are just as much entitled as men to serve on juries if they appear on the electoral register. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I understand that the jury's recommendation was that local authorities should take steps necessary to ensure the safety of bathers. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I should have liked to see some measure of research into juries taking place under strict control. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Today, in particular trials, some juries must be guarded day and night. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The answer would be that we could replace juries with military tribunals. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The rules of evidence were established by generations of wise judges who had to administer the law with the assistance of laymen—that is, juries. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In the first instance, the implications of the jury's verdict are something for the legal authorities to consider. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We have had great experience of four- and six-week trials, for which juries can be empanelled without great inconvenience to them. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 They could learn a great deal about how they should behave in criminal cases tried by juries. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 He has also announced powers to keep criminals off juries. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Juries should be representative of the law-abiding community. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I welcome very much what has been stated today about juries. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Is it, or is it not, suggested that special juries have been guilty of injustice? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I am coming to the limited number of cases in which juries are at present available as of right. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Once we admit that, then the case for the abolition of special juries is completely destroyed. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Will causes be tried as well when we have abolished special juries as they are tried now? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The difference does not in any way justify the abolition of special juries. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The responsibility for picking out the people who will serve on the juries is left completely to the clerk of the court. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I want to devote my next remarks to the question of the abolition of special juries. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I agree that in the past, in the case of civil juries, jurors received a remuneration which was totally inadequate. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The former (the convicted prisoners) include several prisoners who were convicted by juries at assizes. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I had expected to hear something about grand juries. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 To begin with you cannot very well set up judge and juries in revolution. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The jury's verdict was that death was due to heart failure accelerated by the cold weather, following starvation and self-neglect. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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