| 词汇 | example_english_judgment |
| 释义 | Examples of judgmentThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Efforts to sever judgments from such surrounding feelings and experience strike me as strained. We should be wary of judgments that depend on that very modern distinction between the public and the private. My conclusion is that truth judgments require a theistic framework. A decision to reach such judgments will not prove possible on impulse. The results clearly demonstrated that most three-year-olds can make metalinguistic judgments and productions in structured tasks, with overall metalinguistic performance improving with age in months. When we are involved in large-scale projects, we must make judgments on an individual basis about whether they are good or bad. As noted, linguistic studies routinely assess a speaker's competence through grammaticality judgments. Two key judgments must be made: one concerns adaptive behavior or development, and the other concerns the risks or threats to development. I have argued, however, that for cognitivist theories of language, the focus on grammaticality judgments is artificially narrow. The problem lies in the remarkable variety of alternative judgments. Chapter 11 considers the effect that context has on judgments of acceptability. Barbiers reports that informants had sophisticated judgments about dialect areas. A negative list of noninterchangeable types and cases guided the coders' judgments of interchangeability. Here a vote is taken only on the conclusion, and no collective judgments are made on other propositions. In the last case, they may include judgments on whether the war can be won, whether victory would be worth the cost, and so on. The difference in correct judgments between the two experiments was approximately 10%. Collective reasoning that results in an integral consensus, however, does not better justify individual judgments. The authors of the studies in this special section had to make judgments about how to confront a set of common issues. The findings underscore the importance of measuring self- and other-blame separately and eschewing forcedchoice or polarized formats to measure causal or responsibility judgments. Principled value judgments will constitute higher-order preferences, while direct preferences that do not reflect principles are lower-order preferences. Adaptation is related directly to the issue of whether ex-ante or ex-post judgments of health states should be incorporated into health economic evaluations. Finally, we suggested that, where locations have no natural order, the above principles exhaust the plausible judgments. Moral agents become aware of social judgments by observing the spectators and then temper their action so as to maximize the possibility of sentiment confluence. The more complex education is, the more complex moral judgments can be. The individual client communicates his piecemeal evaluative judgments to the welfare economist, who will summarize them into an ordering. On the other hand, the group will want the judgments to constitute a rational set of judgments in themselves. We focus on acts because we can't make reliable judgments of a person's character. Each individual must benefit from the process of collective reasoning and the benefit they receive is the attainment of better justified individual judgments. Whereas it is possible that there are differences between monologue and dialogue with respect to judgments of grammaticality, we accept that such differences are unlikely. The usual distinction is that verbal judgments are cognitive whereas motor reaching is noncognitive. In conclusion, two examples of physical regularities have failed to influence perceptual judgments. There is no reason why such similarity judgments could not be based on inferences drawn from symbolic representations. Negative judgments on social class, nationality, education, regional provenance, and accent, can all manifest themselves as linguistic prejudice. A final chapter deals with issues of presentation in court, including a discussion of some recent judgments. Also, he provides some suggestions for analyzing and interpreting these judgments more accurately than they have been in the past. Idiosyncrasies of the subjects, presentation of the material, and experimenter's procedure are among the factors that contribute to this variation in judgments. Emphasis is placed on distinguishing competence from grammaticality judgments. The fourth chapter presents the subject-related factors that may affect the validity of grammaticality judgments, with support of prior literature on the subject. The subtlety of human style judgments raises challenges for computational approaches to style. Priority judgments in project selection also have been poor. The first set of judgments are used to provide simple well-formedness constraints on static objects. In general, the set of valid flow judgments for a program is not decidable. Moreover, for some type systems, there will be some 'not type correct' programs for which no valid type judgments exists. The static semantics defines new heap judgments used to type the elements in the control stack. A major feature of the responses was the involvement of moral and ethical judgments. Of course, authors often disagree with others' judgments of their texts, and it is not always apparent which makes the better case. All of these judgments and more are difficult matters, and many do not have straightforward answers. Is there really no place for colorsensitive considerations in constitutional judgments or policies that affect public (and private?) institutions? A consequence of this procedural formalism was that judgments could be unjust but never theless valid in law. In group decision-making, conflicts among judgments of individuals or groups of individuals often arise. In its determinacy the text permits and requires judgments or correctness. Such judgments are based on both biological reasoning and experience of where treatment effect modifiers have been detected in the past. Are they essentially about the scientific validity of the assessment or about the judgments being made in the appraisal? First, they refuse simply to equate well-being with professed happiness or satisfaction and, second, they place extra conditions on the judgments that count. Their judgments were combined into one set of results, organized as a low value, a middle value, and a high value. The state governments they designed bear witness to their judgments about representation, separation of powers, rights, and citizen character. The definition implies strongly that clinical practice guidelines are intended to inform clinical judgments, not replace them. We also relied on the expertise of our own study geriatricians to make final judgments, another source of potential bias. If such kinds of tables are used, readers can easily compare sources and results and make their own judgments about their validity. Second, we have difficulties with judgments of value, and we strive for facts and immediate results. In four patients (meningococcal sepsis [1], placenta previa [1], and bronchial asthma [2]), the judgments differed markedly. First, care is needed in interpreting the value judgments used when applying the checklist. The comparison of primary interest here is how the two groups differed in their judgments of the ungrammatical constructions. The same patterns were obtained for accuracy of judgments. Indeed, some observers repor ted using these cues to make their judgments. Before data collection began, observers practiced making the psychophysical judgments and tracking the stimuli in preliminary runs. Direct judgments of coherence are subjective, and thus can both change over time and be biased. With the present data set, similarity judgments between color samples were estimated indirectly from their category membership. The reliability of the measurements was good for both red 0 green and yellow0 blue judgments. The use of experienced experimenters to make judgments raises a potential problem that experimenter expectations could influence the results. We maintain that context is often crucial for making grammaticality judgments, particularly in the case of children. Only those judgments in cases in which the individual participants had correct metalinguistic knowledge were recorded. In some cases these judgments create an interesting type of uncertainty. In that sense they have a role different to the one assigned to intuitions within empirical judgments. The second distinction indirectly expressed in the above quotation, states that only analytic judgments are explicable in terms of relations between concepts. The third was the distinction between trifling and non-trifling judgments. The fact that these judgments are based on concepts alone cannot be regarded as a factor that would undermine their truth and certainty. Psychologists now commonly use probabilistic calculations as a standard against which to assess the ability of subjects to make accurate judgments under conditions of uncertainty. Both the prudential solution and the presentaim view have serious problems accounting for those judgments. I suggest that generalists need not insist that it is conceptually impossible to reach moral judgments without appealing to general moral principles. They need not even insist that moral judgments derived from general principles are more accurate than those derived by particularist methods. Surveys of judgments can do more than simply reveal that one is in a very small minority, though. The crucial difference between aggregating preference orderings and aggregating sets of judgments is this. Without it, judgments would be procrustian, collapsing different kinds of evidence onto a single dimension or overarching criterion. Raters indicated their judgments by circling the appropriate response for each utterance presented on a rating form. Respondents' judgments of their personal communicative responsibility in a direction-giving task were positively associated with the length of their directions. Experimental syntax : applying objective methods to sentence judgments. If they do, judgments must be made about why this has happened and a further contribution to our knowledge is achieved. First, the judgments, when relevant, all clearly held that it was the responsibility of the township government to step in and redress the issue. Readers may not agree with some of the judgments rendered by this book. We believe - with a caveat - that centralized analyses and judgments are for the moment preferable. After having settled on a general approach, let us discuss the form of judgments. Table 2 summarizes changes in democratic support by tracking the combinations of personal preference and judgments of suitability across three government periods. Weighting common and distinctive features in perceptual and conceptual judgments. However, relevance judgments are not available in real-world settings. Note that when constructing these queries, the relevance judgments were not referred to this time. Rarely did any of the raters wait until the end of the 30-second voice sample to mark judgments on the response sheets. When this is attempted, one researcher 's judgments are susceptible to another 's contestation, which can in turn be challenged, and so on. Both exposure and formal schooling are predicted to have an effect on language production and grammaticality judgments. The changing social attitudes of judicial officers can directly affect court judgments. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。