词汇 | example_english_irregular |
释义 | Examples of irregularThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. First, we chose the real regulars and irregulars to cover a wide stem and past tense frequency range. Of the 104 irregulars, 93% (97 items) were past-marked, and the remaining 7% (7 items) were unmarked. In prefrontal cortex, regulars but not irregulars showed an activation decrease, compared to fixation. Failure to produce regularized past-marked forms of novel irregulars (crive-crived). There were two perfect or passive forms produced (given, bitten) for irregulars. Moreover, this distinction between regulars and irregulars was supported by the effect size values, which were much larger for regulars than for irregulars (column 5). The posterior aphasics, like healthy subjects, showed past-tense frequency effects for irregulars, but not for regulars. Whole word forms for both irregulars and regulars might initially be stored unanalyzed. Consider a very simple example in which the learner is given a corpus of regular present and past tense verbs, along with a few irregulars. In associative single-mechanism as well as in dual-mechanism accounts, irregulars are claimed to be stored as full forms in memory. No areas were more activated for regulars than irregulars when the past tense forms were matched on this variable. They argued that this was evidence for a specific deficit in irregulars. Four of the five impaired subjects produced irregularizations of novel irregulars at the same or a higher rate as novel regulars. In addition, this coding did not reveal a single unmarked form for regulars, irregulars, or novel regulars. The initial coding of 93% correctly past-marked real irregulars was confirmed. Recall, however, that past participles of regular verbs are homophonous with the infinitive, and that only irregulars can be used for this type of comparison. Thus, in the case of irregulars, successful lexical look-up will block the rule route. In this way, all of the three models can account for the advantage of high-frequency irregulars over low-frequency ones. Consequently, rules for high-frequency irregulars achieve a higher probability than those for low-frequency irregulars, which explains the observed frequency effects. The low rate of occurrence with irregulars is unexpected. Both elements of the traditional notion of rules for regular and rote for irregulars have recently come under heavy fire. Retrieval should always be too late, and irregulars should always be regularized. Of the 150 irregulars, 82% were past-marked, 11% were unmarked, 4% were -ing marked, and the remaining 3% were considered omissions. If lexical access is impaired, but morphosyntactic processes left intact, one would expect impairments with irregulars, but not on rule-based items (relative to controls). Indeed, the ' slow ' participants had longer overall production latencies than the ' fast ' ones, not only for irregulars but also for regulars. Although none of the stems of regular verbs in the past tense task ended in a [d] or a [t], five of the irregulars did. Regulars and irregulars were also affected by frequency, but in different ways. There were two progressive forms produced for irregulars (standing, driving) and one for regulars (soaring). The production of irregulars but not regulars yielded a substantial activation decrease, compared to fixation, in temporal/temporo-parietal regions. Of the 238 irregulars, 72% (172 items) were past-marked, 18% (43 items) were unmarked, and 18% (42 items) were alternatively marked. The production of high-frequency regulars (similarly to irregulars) is said to involve memory access, which interferes with the rule route. After all, he was better than the other affected individuals at producing correct past-marked forms for real irregulars, suggesting an ability to distinguish between unmarked and past-marked stored forms. If high-frequency items are initially stored as unanalyzed wholes and that set includes both irregulars and regulars, then the regular high-frequency forms will (counterproductively) inhibit the rule-based system. She argued that experimental lists with a high proportion of irregulars encourage participants to access stored lexical entries on every trial, thus yielding a reverse frequency effect. Although the specific causes of these activation decreases remain to be investigated, the double dissociations suggest that irregulars and regulars have distinct neural underpinnings linked to temporal and frontal regions. According to frequency competition, for regulars past tense forms should be selected more often than stem forms, whereas for irregulars this difference should not be found. At the same time these subjects seem to have a looser semantic organization and a peculiar tendency to overgeneralize with irregulars, but they also err on regulars. The relatively infrequent occurrence of irregularization errors is assumed to reflect the relative robustness of regular forms (and some irregulars) presumably due to their higher type frequency (or token frequency). Overregularizations gradually decrease over time when children get older and memory traces for irregulars are becoming stronger and the children's ability to retrieve them is becoming more reliable. Moreover, when children get older, memory traces for the correct irregulars are likely to become stronger and more reliable, and hence older children produce fewer errors than younger ones. However, these processes would not lead to the production of unmarked irregulars (keep), nor would they explain the observed absence of unmarked novel verb forms (crive, plam). In the same way, past tense forms do/did and bring/brought are complete irregulars, while keep/kept, blow/blew, and sing/sang each represents a small class of sub-regularities. However, all other irregulars possess a relatively small periproct. Serbs, through the federal army and irregulars, are the major aggressors. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There are reports of masked irregulars separating out the men: we do not know what has happened to them. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Within a very few months, the whole of the year 1922 saw a state of civil war between the regulars and the irregulars. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 On the contrary, it is probably done by irregulars, and more often than not it is condoned by authority. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I am not aware of any damage caused by irregulars to the lesser projects which have been started on tributary rivers. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Suddenly, however, the flag was withdrawn, and fire was re-opened by the irregulars. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Political leaders on both sides must reassert control over the military and the irregulars. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Here again he is setting up a force to get away from the regular police force, a band of irregulars. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We reject the use of force through irregulars across the frontiers. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The irregulars received 15 years' jail sentences and are now in prison. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The apprehension which dominates the lives of the islanders has arisen from the landing some time ago of a highjacked aeroplane carrying 20 armed irregulars. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The attack was continued and the irregulars were still holding out in a corner of the building at one o'clock. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Irregulars on both sides have been active. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 You then disposed of legions strong enough to trample under foot not only your official opponents, but your own irregulars, who had to be reckoned with at times. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The trustworthiness of the workers, however, is even more significant in relation to the actual work, irregular employment patterns and the high quality demands. In cases where a child offered ' 'eated' ', past irregular was scored as a misformation. The irregular plural in the preceding example is ' 'chevaux' '. The 19 test trials followed in a fixed order, which intermixed the regular and irregular verbs. We argued that this could explain the finding that the impaired subjects had lower production rates for irregular than for regular past-marked forms. In the absence of intact suffixation rules, they may be forced to memorize regular as well as irregular past tense forms. The other 18 patients were referred for clarification of a slow or irregular heart rate. Such data concerning postnatal outcome were available for 165 (85%) of the 194 fetuses with irregular heart rhythms. An irregular heart rate was noted as an incidental finding in the latter group. The occurrence of an irregular heart rhythm in the fetus, therefore, is not always benign. A frequent reason for tertiary referral for detailed fetal echocardiography is the detection of an irregular heart rate. Salaries were paid in a partial and irregular way, so that many workers, at every level, were often owed substantial sums by their masters. As people aged, however, coital activity declined generally and became increasingly irregular over the year. The piers focus and accommodate the varied roof beam and wind loads generated by the building's irregular plan form and exposure. Three regular verbs (wash, mend, paint) and three irregular verbs (eat, hit, cut) were used in a total of 48 sentences. The 8 items in this task all involved regular and irregular past tense verbs. The irregular arrangement of the second block type allowed for hybrid experiences around the former dock. The other block had an irregular square plan and was three stories high. What we find instead is that the ^-genitive has generalized to most nouns but that many irregular genitives are maintained. Children who have been brought up in an age of television are not as ready to sit in rows conjugating irregular verbs as their predecessors. Above we have examples of junctions where the usual order is altered, which may be called irregular junctions. Their flowering and fruiting habits are closely dependent on the rains and are consequently somewhat irregular. Moreover, since the system is irregular, all its cofinite subsystems are irregular and share the same finiteness parameter. Note the sharp but irregular contacts between the darker wehrlites and the lighter layered olivine oxide gabbros. The unconformity is irregular, but dolomitization clearly extends both above and below it. Of course, the statistical analyses with multiple-line crosses are more complex, particularly when different crosses have different and irregular crossing patterns. In addition, phylogenetic relationships among irregular taxa as well as the relationship with regular echinoids remain imprecise. The phylogenetic signal yielded by these characters stresses the importance of the environmental context of the origin and diversification of irregular echinoids. The problem with an irregular bead fill is that the permeability and the thermal conductivity are both affected by the packing density. Further, after several irregular oscillations, the bubble is extended indefinitely. We shall, however, discuss in the next section the properties of the new branches (irregular waves) when they are close to the critical wave. Accordingly, we see that the cumulative reflexion associated with the irregular topography is weak. No irregular waves of class 1 were found. Similarly, we see irregular chromosome condensation in spermatocytes. The upper half is more heterogeneous and consists of an irregular alternation of clays, silts and finer sands. The very irregular shape of the outer limits of replacing aggregate indicates that it resulted from a post-metamorphic process. In weakly deformed gneiss, the mafic minerals (biotite, augite and hornblende) occur as irregular clusters, locally separated from plagioclase by coronas of garnet. Relations among regular and irregular morphologically related words in the lexicon as revealed by repetition priming. Of these, 62-5% showed secretory or irregular secretory changes and the remainder showed inactive or atrophic endometria. On the other hand, there was no single case in which an irregular ending was overapplied to a verb that required a regular one. They point out that irregular inflections rely on memory, and hence can be applied only when memory can be accessed. The children's on-line data revealed contrasts between regular and irregular forms. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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