| 词汇 | example_english_interest-rate |
| 释义 | Examples of interest rateThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. In that case, one can price the option knowing the volatility of the interestrate and the density of time to death. Obviously the second-order interestrate is variable over long time horizons. Policy interestrate determination is a group decision ! There is also a risk-free asset with a fixed interestrate. In other words, we assume that international lenders offer a lower interestrate. We find that interestrate changes are not predictable, but inflation and the output gap are. Clearly, a portfolio-indifference equilibrium with zero nominal interestrate will be implemented only for a specific rate of money growth. A similar term appears when one takes into account the fact that the nominal interestrate faces a lower bound at zero. It should also be pointed out that the sensitivity of the results with respect to the assumed real interestrate is rather low. In particular, the interestrate control rules may generate indeterminacy even in models with convex production technologies and separable utility functions. This interestrate does not reflect the rate-of-time preference. However, owners also provide labourers with credit, usually at a high interestrate, to enable them to buy essentials and support their families. Lenders and bor rowers cope with financial uncertainty by agreeing that the interestrate will be two percent more than the prevailing prime rate. Overall, the real interestrate has increased while real output has fallen. The real consumption interestrate is positive in the growth models that economists analyze. However, in an economy with a large informal sector, the optimal inflation and interestrate are significantly higher, = 16% and i = 18.37%, respectively. Lagged inflation influences only the long-term interestrate. Moreover, it drives up the nominal longterm interestrate. For instance, lagged money growth affects inflation and output growth but not the long-term interestrate directly. Here, for instance, this may be the case for the inflation rate and the long-term interestrate. Then, a declining interestrate is expected to trigger an increase both in the capital/labor ratio and in effort. Instead, we include a long-term and a short-term interestrate separately. The level of the interestrate is assumed not to enter the loss function. The consumers are willing to accept a steeper consumption profile only if the interestrate increases. We examine the properties of the natural real interestrate and real-interest-rate gap using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. The steady-state interestrate falls and the wage rate rises, reflecting an increase in the long-run capital-labor ratio. A low interestrate reduces the firm's finance costs. As a result, the real interestrate will rise, which in turn will curb the rise in aggregate demand. Therefore, incorporating increasing returns into the study of interestrate policy design seems the next logical step to take in extending this research. In particular, if agents coordinate into an expectation of low tax rates, they will expect a small decrease of the net interestrate. The futures price, the margin (strike price), and the riskfree interestrate are observable. The yearly before-tax interestrate increases to 5.41%, which implies that aggregate capital decreases by 6.7% in comparison to the baseline economy. Recall that a disinflation implies a fall in the expected inflation rate and the nominal interestrate and therefore a rise in money demand. I judged that the market-clearing real interestrate level would be 3% or less. A zero nominal interestrate on discount window loans is optimal in this setting for two reasons. The only difference is that for the small open economy the (fixed) marginal physical product of capital is replaced by the (given) foreign interestrate. That is, the after-tax interestrate on foreign bonds must exceed the growth rate of domestic aggregate output. Because bonds and stock shares earn the same interestrate, however, only the overall level of savings matters to consumers. Intuitively, an increase in the nominal interestrate encourages traders to purchase bonds and to decrease their currency demand. That theory says that the probability of the interestrate automatically coordinating saving and investment is zero. This discourages research investment on one hand and reduces capital accumulation on the other because of the increase in the interestrate. The model consists of a host country whose firms finance projects by borrowing from abroad at an interestrate determined by competitive world markets. There are several channels through which the interestrate can enter the relationship that describes consumption. If the project generates financial revenues, but they are lower than for purely commercial investments, then perhaps an interestrate subsidy would be most appropriate. Annuity remains constant if the interestrate changes. Instead, the treatise provides a manual for the design of optimal interestrate rules. Still, there might be room for improvements by including other explanatory variables in our policy interestrate model. A similar or no obvious pattern was found for other definitions of interestrate. 18. This will imply large capital flows between countries in order to equalize the interestrate in the single capital market. Section 3 presents results for a forwardlooking sticky price model using current-, forward-, and backward-looking interestrate rules. In notional accounts schemes, the notional interestrate applied to notional capital works in exactly the same way. The real interestrate increases and remains positive for four quarters. The nominal interestrate is persistently high, and the aggregate endowment decreases over time with a trough after several quarters. Annual percentage interestrate data were converted into quarterly returns by dividing by 400. The steady state real interestrate r is set at r = 0.01, a value that corresponds roughly to the long-run average (quarterly) return on capital. The lower the entry age, and the lower the second-order interestrate, the higher the proportions of shares are. We refer to a monetary shock as a shock on the nominal interestrate. Modeling monetary policy in terms of a short-term interestrate is important for two reasons. That is, it varies with the real interestrate. In conjunction with (8), this reasoning also demonstrates how the interestrate on discount window loans determines the potential severity of banking crises. If the interestrate at the discount window is high enough, however, liquidation is less costly and the discount window will be inactive. Table 3 reports a number simulated moments related to the money-to-income ratio and the interestrate together with their empirical counterparts. Naturally, an increase in the interestrate reduces the value of an innovation. In this respect, neither growth nor the interestrate seems to be a useful indicator of fiscal sustainability by itself. He shows that this brings down the predictability of interestrate changes in the model, while preserving good econometric properties of estimated policy rules. The monetary authority is assumed to control the nominal interestrate using a policy rule. It takes the form of a rebate on the interestrate prevailing on the loan market for a given category of borrowers and projects. We ignore the interestrate, as data availability is limited and village averages appear to be stable. For our analysis we assume a 7 % annual interestrate credit. Assuming 30-year periods, r corresponds to an annual real interestrate of 5.3%. 20. The effect of the interestrate on wealth accumulation is always of interest. Given a zero interestrate, and discounting, intertemporal optimizing agents would want to borrow. Instead, the interestrate is increased slowly: the shock is allowed to affect the output gap. Unlike in the notional defined contribution system, however, capitalization occurs at the market interestrate, as contributions are typically invested in private assets. We restrict our attention to equilibria with a strictly positive nominal interestrate, so that the cash constraint is binding. In this case the interestrate falls, and the most productive agents are borrowing-constrained. Those in the intermediated sector can borrow and lend their wealth at an equilibrium interestrate, determined in a bisection algorithm. It is caused by focussing on the response of nominal interestrate to shocks of opposite sign in each country. The full participation economy clearly fails to predict the response of the real interestrate. Technology shocks alone create a near vertical relationship in both countries since those shocks hardly generate any volatility in the nominal interestrate. The global stabilization policy creates an environment where the income and substitution effects of future interestrate movements exactly cancel out. Note that under the parameters of table 20, an expected investment profit derives (the average simulated annual interestrate is slightly greater than 0.04). The increase in the interestrate has been associated with an upward adjustment of the rate of time preference. Do purchasing power parity and uncovered interestrate parity hold in the long run? A higher interestrate means a higher price for current consumption (the substitution effect), which encourages nonprecautionary saving and results in a lower propensity. For that reason understanding inter-bank interestrate determination assumes paramount importance for an efficient monetary policy implementation. This may take the form of an interestrate subsidy or an extended grace period. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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