Examples of indirect cost

This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license.
All direct and indirect costs were considered, because it is very hard to discern which costs are depression-related and which are not.
The use of a broader perspective that includes indirect costs is relevant, because gastrointestinal diseases account for substantial loss of productivity (80).
Indirect costs such as productivity loss were not taken into account in this analysis.
How to calculate indirect costs in economic evaluations.
Nonmedical direct costs and indirect costs were not included.
We are aware of the difference in indirect costs 6 months prior to the study and that this might have influenced the results.
The relationship in savings in terms of indirect costs between the highly-motivated and the less-motivated patients was calculated at 4:1.
Most of the previous economic evaluations have also not included indirect costs in the analyses.
A distinction is made between direct medical costs, direct nonmedical costs, and indirect costs.
The indirect costs were based on the human capital theory (7).
Direct and indirect costs were collected during a 12-week period, starting on the day of admission for surgery.
An economic evaluation was performed based on cost-effectiveness ratios (per averted arthroscopy), including direct and indirect costs.
Morbidity costs include both direct and indirect costs.
Direct and indirect costs must be determined for each country subject to analysis.
Direct and indirect costs of managing patients with musculoskeletal pain-challenge for health care.
When it came to indirect costs, there were no differences between the groups during the follow-up period.
Only acute medical-care costs were included (neither long-term sequelae nor indirect costs were explicitly considered).
It also was found to have the potential to be cost-effective in general-incidence regions when both direct and indirect costs were considered.
A practical guide for calculating indirect costs of disease.
In models 1-3, it is assumed that an absence shorter than 2 weeks does not cause indirect costs.
Nearly all studies of the economic consequences of obesity have focused solely on the direct and indirect costs.
Indirect costs such as unrelated healthcare costs and costs of general consumption generated by prolonging of life were not included in the analysis.
Furthermore, the highly motivated patients accounted for the largest total savings in indirect costs, indicating the strength of this predictor (20).
The motivation analysis might also indicate the costs of the forthcoming rehabilitation, chiefly within the area of indirect costs.
When cost for interferon treatment is excluded, indirect costs represent approximately 40%.
Very short-term absence is not assumed to cause indirect costs.
The main methodologic deficiencies were in perspective of analysis, inclusion of indirect costs, and sources of clinical information.
Indirect costs were not included for the follow-up visits.
The cost analyses were undertaken from the perspective of society, including direct and indirect costs.
Indirect costs made up 82 % of this total.
Few teams attack the company's greatest cost challenge - the indirect costs.
Indirect costs are everything other than labor and materials.
Cost diaries filled in by the patients were used to assess direct health care costs, direct non-health-related costs, and indirect costs (9).
Direct costs of care are high, and direct nonmedical costs and indirect costs represent a large component of the total burden.
Towards a new approach for estimating indirect costs of disease.
In theory, the approach allows for the accurate measurement of both the direct and indirect costs in a relatively quick and cost-effective way.
The direct and indirect costs of water-sanitation-related diseases appear to be extremely high.
Indirect costs are recurring costs that may grow at an increasing rate as the water table goes down.
Note that this does not include indirect costs such as transportation and time for preparation.
Company costs are of two types: direct and indirect costs.
Indirect costs were included in only one of the four studies.
Indirect costs were calculated according to the human capital approach (11).
Indirect costs are to be valued by their opportunity cost.
Indirect costs include shortand long-term absence from work and early retirement.
Indirect costs accounted for 93% of the total cost.
Indirect costs vary substantially between studies mainly because of differences in the mode of calculation.
Nonmedical direct costs and indirect costs were excluded.
Due to lack of generalizable data on the opportunity cost of time away from usual activities, indirect costs were not formally incorporated into the analysis.
Accordingly, both direct and indirect costs were considered.
Indirect costs made for preparing medication, sterilizing materials, and maintaining apparatus were also taken into account, because they were related to the specific treatment options.
Indirect costs were strongly influenced by a minority of the patients.
Indirect costs, that is, production losses, are not included.
This sensitivity analysis shows the drastic impact of indirect costs on the results of the cost-effectiveness analysis.
We felt that a societal perspective evaluating indirect costs was important because of the age of this population, generally younger adults in the workforce.
The change in morbidity costs are divided into changes in direct and indirect costs.
Second, the analyses never include indirect costs or costs in added life-years, which means that the analyses are not based on a societal perspective.
No differences in direct or indirect costs between the three treatments were observed at either 4 or 12 months.
This method ignores long-term production losses and, hence, leads to very low indirect costs, de facto limiting possible cost offsets.
Indirect costs included the costs of production losses due to sick leave from paid or unpaid work.
These include baseline transitions, direct costs, utilities, and indirect costs.
The direct and indirect costs for each of the policy combinations listed in appendix 2 were estimated for every year in the estimated project life.
As a result, farmers have incurred net losses, direct and indirect costs.
These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.