Examples of ignition

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To illustrate the effect of geometry on the ignition condition, we compare ignition conditions for different geometries.
In the standard approaches formerly cited, targets were self-ignited either from a central hot spark or from a larger domain volume ignition!.
From the point of view of pure science and of application, fast ignition is a research subject of pioneering significance.
In this situation of weak electron-pellet interaction, moderate hole boring, induced mainly by light pressure, takes place but pellet ignition fails.
Ignition occurs by the initial selfheating of the hot spot, followed by a burn wave propagating to the whole fuel.
Indirectly driven target design for fast ignition with proton beams.
The first impor tant result is the ignition temperature.
Ions were the choice for ignitor heating until ignition conditions are reached.
In the fast ignition regime, the temperatures of both species are going to be different, so two energy equations are needed.
The projectile penetrates about 50 mm into the compressed target, before the ignition process properly star ts.
The dynamics of ignition for the two schemes is investigated and a comparison is attempted.
No piston or cylinder damage has been reported, suggesting that no pre-ignition or detonation occurred and that the compression ratio was correct for the fuel.
In addition, ignition tools or starting gases such as argon are not required.
Here a propellant is assumed to be ignited when the surface reaches a prescribed 'ignition temperature'.
We present results where the ps ignition is avoided and only a single-event conventional compression is used.
Numerous problems involved with the block ignition scheme need to be studied and solved as next steps.
Since prior to ignition most of the atoms are neutral, the electron-atom inverse bremsstrahlung process dominates at early times.
In analogy, therefore, we have chosen here to refer to our sought-after optimal path in the temperature- density plane as the ' ignition brachystochrone '.
In view of these general aims, it is interesting to see how volume ignition may be reached with the presently most advanced laser facilities.
A dense plasma column of about 16 cm long formed on the beam axis 1 ms after the discharge ignition.
During the most recent years, substantial attention has received also the approach based on the injection of the ignition spark by an external driver.
The ignition driver has to be modeled in such a way to keep constant the quantity density materialopacity size, at material temperature unchanged.
Until now, no experiment really investigated the heating effect of fast electron beams, a crucial point in fast ignition.
Optics of final beam transpor t and focusing for a heavy-ion ignition facility.
The petawatt shor t-pulse laser seems to be very interesting for the fast ignition scheme.
Also, the effor t on the fast ignition research has been pursued by an ultrashor t high power laser.
Ignition scaling laws and their application to capsule design.
An integrated fast ignition inertial confinement fusion concept using the indirect drive is also presented.
Studies of energy transpor t by relativistic electrons in the context of fast ignition.
With this concept, much less energy is required in order to obtain nuclear ignition and high gain.
The transit time calculated for the ignition brachystochrone is, by definition, the shortest possible among the transit times of all possible alternative trajectories.
Needing very high energy for such an ignition, much more energy should be gained form the reactions as the generated plasma cools down.
As far as fast ignition is concerned, the non-relativistic temperatures are not limitative for the plasma whereas they may be so for the beam.
We introduce two important parameters which characterize the laser-cone inetarction, and show the optimum value of them for fast ignition.
The system is linked to the vehicle's ignition system and it is used to trigger the device.
If there is none or only a small amount, the driver is told he / she can continue to drive and the vehicle ignition reset.
Experiments with megajoule drivers are expected to demonstrate the ignition.
The aim is to demonstrate ignition with a modest total fusion gain not much above 10 by about 2010.
In this ar ticle, a preliminary conceptual evaluation of power plant systems for fast ignition heavy ion fusion is done.
The density depression before ignition of the main discharge is created by an electrical prepulse which is mandatory in this experiment.
The result is that achieving the proton beam intensity above the ignition threshold requires strong focusing of the beam.
When the high energy coupling from laser to electron is desired such as the fast ignition, cone targets with smaller angle are beneficial.
Three ignition capsule designs have been developed, and detailed fabrication specifications for each design have been established and placed under change control.
Implosion simulations indicate that this thickness of glue and bond configuration will be acceptable for the ignition implosion.
Studies of electron transport and isochoric heating and their applicability to fast ignition.
The analysis of the ignition temperature and the gain was computed for different plasma densities.
If the fusion burning wave is not launched, the ion temperature is below the ignition temperature.
Conditions were explored where single-event ns-laser pulses give rise to temperatures sufficient for volume ignition.
Fabrication, injection, and tracking of fast ignition targets: status and future prospects.
In this paper, we want to discuss different hydrodynamic schemes for fast ignition and some of their basic effects.
On the right, schematic view of the evolution of the proposed fast ignition target.
In addition, we have taken a preliminary look at using ion beams to compress fuel for fast ignition by a shor t pulse laser.
Similar fire frequencies may have prevailed at other times, owing to repeated ignitions by lightning, people, or both.
Fires are generally caused by prohibited sources of ignition brought in by the patient.
An unsuccesful ignition attempt of forest fuel samples usually resulted in negligible weight loss (<0.1 g), and the samples were re-used.
There are a number of gases encountered in underground mines which, in certain concentrations, will explode if given a source of ignition.
Ignition is recovered by raising the velocity to 5 10 8 cm 0s.
In this paper, for illustration and comparison purposes, some relevant results we previously obtained for near-stagnation ignition are first introduced and critically reviewed.
However, the plasma before ignition is degenerate, as well as the intermediate states reached during the compression.
The scheme of fast ignition is based on the decoupling of this working process into two separate steps.
Even more powerful installations will probably be created in the future for the ignition of thermonuclear microexplosions with light-ion beams.
Above the gain 8, the volume ignition happens, as seen from the highly deformed dashed parabolas for these higher gains.
Any deviation to the left shows a decrease of the optimum temperature at volume ignition.
Both large scale laser facilities designed to achieve ignition soon after 2010 are nearing completion.
A rather simple measurement of the scaling on growing parameters may disclose properties for ignition and perhaps would arrive at a full scale ignition.
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