| 词汇 | example_english_homologous-chromosomes |
| 释义 | Examples of homologous chromosomesThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The first of these divisions is initiated in fetal life but the all important segregation of paired homologouschromosomes takes place after puberty. The first requirement is for close pairing of homologouschromosomes, followed by recombination between non-sister chromatids. The population of 1000 lines provided a first test of the feasibility of assembling a map with both simplex and duplex markers linking the homologouschromosomes. Heterozygosity for an inversion induces a loop structure in paired homologouschromosomes and thus inversions are easy to detect cytologically. Homologues separate, the first polar body is extruded and an interphase pronucleus' carrying one set of homologouschromosomes reforms. After oocyte activation, homologouschromosomes segregate between the oocyte and the first polar body, and a diploid pronucleus-like nucleus reforms from the one set of dyads. First, to achieve proper segregation, each pair of homologouschromosomes must be linked to each other to maintain a certain level of tension between them. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Balancer chromosomes can be used as a genetic tool to prevent crossing over (genetic recombination) between homologouschromosomes during meiosis. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Bivalents are formed as two homologouschromosomes undergo recombination. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The infinitesimal model reduces to the continuum of alleles model if there is no recombination between homologouschromosomes. The recessive mutation tufted was used as a reliable genetic marker to trace transmission of the homologouschromosomes. These events include the migration of the spindle, disassembly of microtubules, the separation of homologouschromosomes, and the formation and extrusion of the polar body. This implies that diploid individuals tend to ' mask ' deleterious mutations with ' normal ' alleles carried on the homologouschromosomes. We further suggest that selection may act on the difference in size between the two alleles borne by homologouschromosomes in a diploid individual. Two molecular processes generating variability have been proposed : replication slippage due to slipped-strand mispairing and unequal recombination between homologouschromosomes (or chromatids). In most organisms, a precondition of synapsis is the prealignment of homologouschromosomes. This shows that the time necessary for the terminalisation of chiasms and separation of homologouschromosomes can be greatly shortened. The linkage phase defines the configuration of alleles of a pair of heterozygous loci over the homologouschromosomes in a single parent. Accordingly, we assumed that the larger the size difference between homologouschromosomes from different stocks, the more divergent the stocks are (progressive model). Linkage mapping is based on the observation of the genetic recombination events which occur as a result of crossing over between homologouschromosomes during meioses. Homologouschromosomes have started their separation into single chromatids. Mutation occurred through either (biased or unbiased) replication slippage, or unequal recombination between homologouschromosomes. These bands were the same in appearance on the homologouschromosomes, thus, identification became easier and more accurate. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Pairing of identical sister chromosomes, in comparison to the alternative of pairing homologous chromosomes, maintains heterozygosity in obligate parthenotes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The homologouschromosomes pair up and may exchange genetic material with each other in a process called crossing over. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. If a crossover event affects that locus, then both homologouschromosomes will have one chromatid containing each genotype. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. A bivalent refers to the two homologouschromosomes (4 chromatids). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Genes found in a gene cluster may be observed near one another on the same chromosome or on different, but homologouschromosomes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. A balancer is a region which prevents recombination between homologouschromosomes during meiosis. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Homologouschromosomes can repair this damage by aligning themselves with chromosomes of the same genetic sequence. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This pairing occurs by a synapsis process where the synaptonemal complex - a protein scaffold - is assembled and joins the homologouschromosomes along their lengths. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These chromosomes are referred to as homologouschromosomes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This great variety results from dahlias being octoploidsthat is, they have eight sets of homologouschromosomes, whereas most plants have only two. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The alleles on the homologouschromosomes may be different, resulting in different phenotypes of the same genes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The process of pairing the homologouschromosomes is called synapsis. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Cells and organisms with pairs of homologouschromosomes are called diploid. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. They are diploid, i.e. containing both pairs of homologouschromosomes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Meiosis is distinct from mitosis in that a central feature of meiosis is the alignment of homologouschromosomes followed by recombination between them. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The alleles at the same locus on the two homologouschromosomes may be identical or different. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Cohesin crosslinking occurs between the homologouschromosomes and helps them resist being pulled apart until anaphase. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Using this logic he concluded that the two genes he was studying were located on homologouschromosomes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Chiasmata physically link the homologouschromosomes once crossing over occurs and throughout the process of chromosomal segregation during meiosis. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The offspring then receives its own pair of alleles of the gene for that trait by inheriting sets of homologouschromosomes from the parent organisms. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. A genetic map is a map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossover of homologouschromosomes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Compare sister chromatids to homologouschromosomes, which are the two "different" copies of a chromosome that diploid organisms (like humans) inherit, one from each parent. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Homologouschromosomes might or might not be the same as each other because they derive from different parents. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Thus, it has only one of each pair of homologouschromosomes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Homologouschromosomes of a dividing, mitotic cell contain complementary telomeric sequences. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The homologouschromosomes within the cell will not pair up and undergo genetic recombination with each other. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Since homologouschromosomes are not identical and do not originate from the same organism, they are different from sister chromatids. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Mitosis also has prophase, but does not ordinarily do pairing of two homologouschromosomes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. As such, the complex cleaves the links between two homologouschromosomes that form during homologous recombination. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Manipulating the repair function of homologouschromosomes might allow for bettering a cells damage response system. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Meiotic recombination allows a more independent segregation between the two alleles that occupy the positions of single genes, as recombination shuffles the allele content between homologouschromosomes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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