| 词汇 | example_english_homologous |
| 释义 | Examples of homologousThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Note that this is very unlike evolutionary theory, in which homologous structures endure along a thread of actuality. Homologous positions in all sequences are represented in white, black-background letters. Genetically related strains produced homologous patterns and grouped together, whereas unrelated strains separated on the dendogram. The degree of homologous and heterologous resistance was evaluated by comparing the number of worms recovered in infected and previously noninfected (control) mice. The underlying form in perception is homologous to the underlying form in production ; likewise for the two phonological surface forms. The first is that humans still have a gesture-call system that is homologous to the primate one. Because the visual cortices of synapsids and sauropsids derive from different portions of the dorsal pallium, they cannot be homologous as visual cortices. The recessive mutation tufted was used as a reliable genetic marker to trace transmission of the homologous chromosomes. We consider a pair of homologous non-carrier chromosomes of an ideotype in a population derived by t generations of backcrossing. The extracellular domain of an adhesion protein cadherin comprises five homologous domains in tandem. Thus, our data validate the use of mass spectrometry as a powerful tool to distinguish highly homologous proteins. Homologous oocytes, however, are not easily available in some species, such as endangered wild animals and the human. The tracer-coupled ganglion cells in the macaque and rabbit retinas may well be homologous types given that they are similar in many respects. Remodeling of mouse thymocyte nuclei depends on the time of their transfer into activated, homologous oocytes. There was a tendency for development to proceed better in embryos carrying homologous as compared with heterologous nuclei. Denuded oocytes were matured in vitro, spontaneously or by progesterone treatment (1 ug/ml), and inseminated with homologous spermatozoa. Connexin 43: a protein from rat heart homologous to gap junction protein from liver. The bolded amino acids are homologous and the underlined amino acids have been implicated in the binding of strychnine. Conformational polymorphism of the amyloidogenic and neurotoxic peptide homologous to residues 106-126 of the prion protein. Synthetic peptides homologous to prion protein residues 106-147 form amyloid-like fibrils in vitro. Molecular characteristics of a protease-resistant, amyloidogenic and neurotoxic peptide homologous to residues 106-126 of the prion protein. One of the spores carries a mutant allele with a structure showing that a duplication in one chromatid had been transferred to a homologous chromatid. Here we posit that we can introduce homology structures because the new structures can be built on homologous foundations. The first of these divisions is initiated in fetal life but the all important segregation of paired homologous chromosomes takes place after puberty. The difficulties in defining homologous points are formidable, and, even where these can be resolved, there is still the question of which measurements to use. Evidence for cross-species efficacy of homologous antigens will be discussed. The small dorsal pallium in amphibians is likely to be homologous to the dorsal cortex of reptiles and the hyperpallium of birds. Males capturing'female reproductive power' clearly is a'transgression' which explains why the whole enterprise is not only homologous to, but also the inverse of everyday life. In contrast, within-race polymorphism involving metacentrics and their homologous acrocentrics was found. In this model, the target sequence and the homologous regions between the two elements are factors necessary for completion of the internal deletion. In addition, these strains belonging to the three serovars seem to share highly homologous genomic sequences of lysogenic filamentous phages [18-21]. An attempt to estimate the effective size of the ancestral species common to two extant species from which homologous genes are sequenced. We further suggest that selection may act on the difference in size between the two alleles borne by homologous chromosomes in a diploid individual. Two molecular processes generating variability have been proposed : replication slippage due to slipped-strand mispairing and unequal recombination between homologous chromosomes (or chromatids). Comparative investigations with humans show very similar patterns of errors in the two species, suggesting humans and chimpanzee share homologous memory processes. Therefore, they are not homologous but were acquired independently in mammals and nonmammals. The tectorotundal pathway is homologous to the colliculopulvinar system. Furthermore, this construct was shown to initiate homologous recombination in both yeast and mammalian cells. A novel engineered meganuclease induces homologous recombination in yeast and mammalian cells. The deduced amino acid sequences for 7 of these corresponded to myosin and for 3 of the clones, the sequences were homologous with paramyosin. All 6 mice that received a homologous challenge did not show parasitaemia, whereas all controls developed detectable parasitaemia within 10-12 days after challenge. Sequences were aligned by hand with the homologous sequences from other myxozoans available on public databases. Tumor necrosis factor produces homologous desensitization of lymphocyte beta2adrenergic responses. In short, the gap between languages highlighted by literature is homologous to a gap between language and the real that shipwrecks all attempts at representation. Equivalently, and are homologous if and only if - is a boundary. In most organisms, a precondition of synapsis is the prealignment of homologous chromosomes. Anatomical evidence indicates that par t of the pulvinar of primates is homologous to the lateral posterior nucleus of nonprimate species. Moreover, both family meals and edible commodities have trajectories homologous to that of narrative: beginnings, middles, and endings with varying degrees of closure. Many of these are examples of homologous coupling, that is between cells of the same kind. The third group of control cells consisted of homologous pairs of two parthenogenetic eggs that were fused by means of the electric field. Homologous regions of the amino acid sequences are shaded black. The linkage phase defines the configuration of alleles of a pair of heterozygous loci over the homologous chromosomes in a single parent. The opposition might be a(n inverted) homology with an opposition from another field, making bellow:furnace homologous to man:woman. We aligned homologous sequences from the two genomes and analysed the patterns of similarity within these alignments. Equal aliquots from the homologous sera were pooled. Only after such questions are answered, can it be decided whether observed variation is analogous or homologous with human culture. Homologous traits are constructed by commonly inherited developmental mechanisms. Homologous areas have now been identified for human and nonhuman primates in all of these regions (some mentioned by commentators). Clearly, directed mutagenesis, typically by homologous recombination, requires information on the genomic sequence of the gene t h a t is to be targeted. The oxygenator was primed in all patients with 500 ml homologous blood. 5000 units heparin were added to the pump prime. Nonmammalian vertebrate species present homologous structures of the olfactory cortex and the hippocampal formation, but the orbital cortex appears to be characteristic only to mammals. However, let us assume for a moment that the rotundus is homologous to the suprageniculatus. Thus, although amplification of homologous loci is possible in many cases, it is unclear whether the homologous region in other species contains microsatellites. Selection acted either on large allele size, or on the difference in size between the two homologous alleles of an individual. Synthesis of the second strand may proceed using the complementary strand of the homologous chromosome as a template. Most studies identify short homologous portions of single genes. Two regulatory genes of the maize anthocyanin pathway are homologous : isolation of b using r genomic sequences. To sum up, many structures, some of which had previously been assumed to be homologous, have evolved many times independently. Maternal infection with parasites during pregnancy is considered as a risk factor which may increase the susceptibility to homologous infection in their offspring after birth. Accordingly, we assumed that the larger the size difference between homologous chromosomes from different stocks, the more divergent the stocks are (progressive model). They were challenged, along with naive mice, 8 weeks later with cercariae of the heterologous or homologous species. Isolation of antigens with homologous function is obviously possible only when the biochemical function of the antigen is known. They contain 4 homologous domains, each consisting of 6 transmembrane regions. Linkage mapping is based on the observation of the genetic recombination events which occur as a result of crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meioses. Therefore, although homologous immunity was strong, there was no indication of heterologous immunity. Before that point, male and female bodies were seen as homologous, with the latter an inferior, but functionally identical version of the former. Titres with homologous viruses are in bold face. The first requirement is for close pairing of homologous chromosomes, followed by recombination between non-sister chromatids. In addition, no allele has been found in which the exchange point between homologous chromatids was included in a duplication. Despite the difference in names, the two phenomena are homologous and apparently are parts of the same social process. The predictions were made on the basis of comparisons of crystal structures with covariations observed in sequence databases of homologous molecules. In addition to these sucrose-based oligosaccharides, seeds often contain homologous series of soluble -galactosides that are based on a cyclitol (inositol). On subsequent passage in a homologous host, the incubation time shortens to that recorded for all subsequent passages. Comparative effects of autologous and homologous seminal plasma on the viability of largely extended boar spermatozoa. Our data are insufficient, however, to claim that commissure and raphe are truly homologous structures. No differences were found in the requirement of homologous blood. In species studied to date, host defense appears to be mediated by homologous proteins. Is self-organization in a physical medium homologous or even analogous to self-organization in a psychological medium? Neither method is entirely satisfactory since apparently homologous muscles may change their sites of attachment during evolution and alter their functions. To provide compelling evidence for adaptation, however, homologous traits must play the same functional roles in human and nonhuman species. In this case, the rhombomeres would be homologous, but not all their adult derivatives would be so. The hallmark of the phages' genome structure is genetic mosaicism, reflecting non-homologous recombination events in their ancestry. One important consequence of a possible brachiopod-annelid relationship is that the chitinous setae/chaetae may be homologous. The infinitesimal model reduces to the continuum of alleles model if there is no recombination between homologous chromosomes. Common and particular antigens determine the extent of protective responses against homologous or heterologous challenge. Each nucleotide in the alignment was considered as homologous to the aligned nucleotides from other taxa. In the individual patient the most reliable measure of the induction of complement-fixing antibodies has been obtained using the homologous strain as test antigen. A pair of homologous genes sampled from two species must have diverged in the ancestral species. The parameter # reflects the frequency with which non-homologous recombination occurs. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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