| 词汇 | example_english_hominid |
| 释义 | Examples of hominidThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. However, this unique brain/body coupling in hominids may well have evolved by virtue of selection for increased brain power (and consequently, larger brain size). The agency that drives the guided evolution of these early hominids is an alien artefact in the shape of a black monolith. A significant asset as a first-year introductory text is its coverage of all palaeontology from microfossils to hominids and plants. Another line of thought argues that the massive encephalization of hominids is a unique evolutionary event. In this respect, at least, these early hominids were very ape-like. If any or all of these hominids made and used tools, as modern chimpanzees clearly do, then they have not been preserved. During the first episode, hominids developed the ability to impose shape on artifacts, an ability undocumented for any living apes. Earlier hominids had been largely woodland creatures who focused most of their activity close to standing water. Frequently, researchers have noted the increased cranial capacity of hominids, and inferred increased behavioural flexibility as a direct consequence. The extent to which the gray and dotted lines diverge is a measure of how poorly body size predicts brain size evolution in hominids. Among both cetaceans and hominids their niche construction has generated selection that favoured cultural transmission. They synthesize well complex and difficult controversies about the birthplace of hominids and theses about single or multiple origins of modern humanity. She is the author of over 100 publications that focus on early hominids, brain evolution, comparative neuroanatomy, primate behavior, and cognitive evolution. Again, we would expect hominids to show less adherence to these rules than other mammals. From this followed a brief description of the emergence of australopethicines and hominids, brain evolution, and tool use. The journey begins with one of the hominids exultantly hurling an animal bone into the air. If at least part of the explanation of brain size increase in the hominids was social interactions and co-operation, then algebra may well be an inherent function. However, his general perspective in this treatment is that ' both modern infants and ancient hominids may have been subject to similar constraints of a natural, logical infrastructural sort ' (317). Fourth, it should be possible to reverse the inference, and to use the fossil record to infer something about the nicheconstructing capabilities of animals, including hominids. One was the improved voluntary motor control that underpinned memesis (the ability to mimic actions) which allowed ancestral hominids to vary and elaborate on basic primate vocalizations. Thus, in the evolution of speech, early hominids presumably incorporated the most basic elements of the hierarchy which served as the foundation for later developing systems. The hominids split from the line leading to modern chimpanzees and bonobos around six million years ago, and the main characteristic distinguishing them was a bipedal posture. The earliest hominids left no archaeological record. If our waterhole hominids resorted to second best, lobbing a rock into the herd's midst, it would not trip animals but it might knock one down. The hominid's brain / body plateau of 11.5 cc/kg corresponds to a cranial capacity of about 950 cc, making it similar to the 900 gm stage in present humans. In fact, he makes frequent reference to the "idea" or "intention" of symmetry as the distinguishing factor between both animals and early hominids compared to modern humans. Importantly, this change or series of changes occurred gradually (and against a background of similar evolutionary change in hominids) and therefore did not represent a speciation event. Here we suggest that the greater the phenotypic (as opposed to extended phenotypic) response to environmental change by hominids, the more restricted their capacity for niche construction must have been. High genomic deleterious mutation rates in hominids. We have had enough of those hominids who cannot get up on their legs, making guttural noises late at night, and it is about time one in particular was quiet. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There he found vertebrate fossils of monkeys as well as hominids. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Systematic paleolithic studies in this region indicate these sites suggest extensive movement of early hominids across the landscape about 100,000 years ago. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. To meet increasing demand of calories, the range of hominids would have expanded, making the necessary hunting versus prior scavenging possible. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Although these artifacts are quite important to several current arguments about prehistory, they reveal nothing new in regard to hominid imposed symmetry. Second, the lessons of hominid brain evolution make it unclear just how tightly brain components must be connected. However, "improvements" in ordinary housekeeping functions of the hominid isocortex are equally improbable as selective agents responsible for its expansion. The authors' claim that most of hominid brain evolution can be explained as a simple "straightforward function of body mass" is actually very misleading. First, the initial hominid adaptation (4.5 - 1.5 million years ago) apparently included a basic apelike understanding of space and shape. A careful consideration of hominid brain evolution suggests that brain components can change their scaling relationships over time, and that behavioral selection was likely crucial. The important point for the present is that all of these changes occurred fairly late in hominid evolution. The evolution of prolonged helplessness in hominid children opened the way for an alternative male reproductive strategy. Ever since, he has been working and improving his techniques to bring fossils alive, being especially interested in felids, hominids and other vertebrates. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. As subsistence moved beyond basic foraging, so too did hominids' methods of collaboration and need for mutual support. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Other cusps of the upper dentition of hominids include the paracone, hypocone, and the protocone. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The three re-emerge from the glacier as primitive hominids, their clothes ripped away to reveal loincloths. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. He gives a speculative prehistory of hominid vocal development employing infrastructural descriptors. The hominid example is a dramatic case in point of the possible disconnect between brain and body size (contrary to the authors' suggestions). Consider the possible ways in which a new evolutionary episode might be initiated in hominid evolution. The fossil evidence suggests that the adaptations necessary for articulate speech occurred only recently in hominid evolution. The point here is that we cannot rely too heavily on limited data concerning ape cognitive abilities when trying to reconstruct hominid cognitive evolution. They stand one to three feet taller than other hominids, and wear heavy armor. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The only previous musculoskeletal analyses were conducted on hominids, terror birds, and other dinosaurs. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. He also notes that it can not be demonstrated that the fears of ancestral hominids are coded into the human brain. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The footprints demonstrate that the hominids habitually walked upright as there are no knuckle-impressions. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Researchers have suggested that early hominids were thus under evolutionary pressure to increase their capacity to create and use tools. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Scientists publish their conclusion that these species are demonstrating the evolution of hominids, since all three fossils types were found in the same geographic area. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. They concluded bipedalism was selected simply because it allowed for a further range of travel for hominids. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Three developments in hominid imposed symmetry appear in the archaeological record sometime after 500,000 years ago. Yes, this provides evidence of hominid activity, but not of a coherent campsite with multiple activities and an artificial structure. Archaeological sites from this time period are less informative about hominid activity than many earlier sites. First, they undervalue the cognitive powers of pre-linguistic children, animals, and earlier forms of hominid. The theory suggests that early hominids were forced to adapt to bipedal locomotion on the open savanna after they left the trees. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. However, recent evidence implicates voluntary control of vocalizations in apes, which suggests that intentional control of vocal communication predates the hominid-pongid split. Let us define protosign and protospeech as (respectively) the use of manual/vocal gestures for communication at an early stage of hominid history. Concomitantly, the hominids underwent a process of adaptation encompassing a change in their diets that allowed them to inhabit new environments. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The enhanced attentional, metacognitive, and retrieval capacities that resulted from these changes made hominids immensely more capable of dealing with social complexity than their ancestors. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. She believes dragons can coexist peacefully with the hominids. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. They found numerous fossils, but at first no hominids. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. She has since specialized in reconstructing hominids from remaining bones. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Every one of the features encompassed by the theory still requires a reason for it to be maintained after hominids left the aquatic environment. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. According to the social brain hypothesis, when hominids started living in large groups, selection favored greater intelligence. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Thus, for example, all of hominid evolution becomes "scaling," "allometry," or quantitative increases, whereas these are only distal manifestations of something more complex and important. Instead of function dictating the evolution of structure, additional structure preceded enhanced function in hominid brains. Using the concept of isomerism of individual molecules as the yardstick for isomerism in a hominid, therefore, is unduly restrictive. First, most children in the relatively small groups formed by our hominid ancestors comprised kin. Other hominids are often suspicious of them, as many who produce their fuel learn to drink it, with deleterious results to their societies. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The chapters thus show a progression through geological time, with most emphasis on dinosaur and mammal/hominid trackways. Numerous leopard fossils have been found at the site, suggesting that the felids were predators of early hominids. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. According to this model, hominids were trying to stay as visible and as loud as possible all the time. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. However, this model has generated some controversy, as others have argued that early bipedal hominids were instead polygynous. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Both are related to modifications of a hominid-specific chromosomal rearrangement and the consequent changes in neural development. Creationists also assert that early hominids, are either apes, or humans. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Traditional characters represent those most commonly used in systematic studies of apes and early hominids. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Tooth decay has been present throughout human history, from early hominids millions of years ago, to modern humans. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. They are the only hominids to develop language, make clothes, create shelters, and store food underground for preservation. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Let's take another example: the current debate on 'ancient' versus 'modern' hominids. However, two of the issues they address concerning hominids require some minor amendment. In light of the commentaries, it is necessary to revisit my specific assertions about the shape and spatial cognition of apes and early hominids. According to the extractive foraging model, each new adaptive radiation of hominids has maintained and elaborated on the extractive technologies of its predecessors. From such coevolution, "hominids developed differences from other primates, among them increased brain size and a supralaryngeal vocal tract". At this time carnivores were a threat to all hominids and a dead body would easily be scavenged. A protolanguage adequate for the needs of hominids two million years ago wouldn't have needed many. Consequently, we would expect to find left-cerebral control of vocalization, but not right-handedness, in the earlier hominids or their primate forebears. We would expect hominids to show less response to fluctuating climates than other mammals show. To this end, the hominids occupying the region must have adapted to survive. Unexpectedly similar rates of nucleotide substitution found in male and female hominids. Perhaps symmetry gained added importance as a clue to general health when hominids lost thick body hair. Accordingly, they contend that hominids evolved an agency-detection system biased in favor of producing false alarms (crying wolf) rather than misses. We would also expect more technologically advanced hominids to exhibit less of a response to fluctuating climates than less technologically advanced hominids. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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