| 词汇 | example_english_heterotrophic |
| 释义 | Examples of heterotrophicThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Technique for enumeration of heterotrophic and phototrophic nanoplankton, using epifluorescence microscopy, and comparison with other procedures. Thus, heterotrophic protozoa may act as an essential pathway for dissolved organic matter and as important consumers of bacteria in tank bromeliads. The system comprises a single particulate species (heterotrophic biomass) and a single solute species, oxygen. A heterotrophic system (one incapable of manufacturing its food), for example, may be supported by importing food from autotrophic systems located elsewhere. The samples were tested for the presence of organic material and the total cfus for heterotrophic bacteria were determined. The very low organic carbon and nutrient content measured in accretion ice suggests conditions that are more favourable for sustaining chemoautotrophic rather than heterotrophic biota. Isolation and identification of heterotrophic bacteria 12 samples of shocked gneiss and of host breccia were broken open inside sterile bags using a rock hammer. During this period, accumulation is rapid in the heterotrophic phase and slows down during the transition phase. Locally, the role might include providing a source of organic carbon for the heterotrophic component of the intertidal community. The embryo is heterotrophic and requires a sufficient support system to sustain growth until the seedling reaches photosynthetic, autotrophic status. Photosynthetic microorganisms generate energy and reduce carbon dioxide, providing organic substances and oxygen that fuel processes and conversions in the heterotrophic biofilm community. Owing to the lower denitrification rate, autotrophic denitrification has a relatively small biomass growth as compared with heterotrophic denitrification. The preservation of these heterotrophic cysts is moderate to poor and hinders a specific determination. The heterotrophic bacteria population of both soils clearly have only a limited ability to grow under the strict oligotrophic conditions imposed. Serial dilution plating methods on media for the cultivation of heterotrophic bacteria were employed. The source of water and of organic nutrients for the sparse population of heterotrophic bacteria present in the soil is still unknown. Classic biofilms are much thinner than mats, and typically are built by heterotrophic cells with dimensions less than 2 mm. However, we suspect that such nutrients are deposited from meltwater into impact-generated cavities, which would encourage endolithic heterotrophic bacteria to inhabit them. In pristine soils, hydrocarbon-utilising micro-organisms typically represent less than 2% of the total number of heterotrophic bacteria. Respiration rates in heterotrophic, freeliving protozoa. From north to south there is an increase in available water and in this study we have examined the presence and diversity of culturable heterotrophic bacteria along this moisture gradient. Effect of dispersed oil on heterotrophic bacterial communities in cold marine waters. The chapter on 'secondary production' gives an overview of the activities of heterotrophic organisms, but with only brief descriptions and a number of poorly described electron micrographs. The growth, environment and carrying capacity of these heterotrophic systems cannot be evaluated without considering supporting systems functioning in other scales of the biotic and size hierarchy of the world. Such abundance and multiplicity of defensive proteins in seeds is probably explained by the fact that their storage tissues are good substrates for a wide range of heterotrophic organisms. Classification and characterization of heterotrophic microbial communities on the basis of patterns of community-level sole-carbon-source utilization. The results of these two experiments might best be explained by a gradual failure of heterotrophic metabolism (which the experiments were designed to detect) to cope with adverse conditions. Cysts of heterotrophic dinoflagellates are preferentially susceptible to oxidation, and their preservation can be affected by oxidizing bottom waters during deposition and also by post-depositional (weathering) processes. The intrusion of cold bottom waters into the site at this time may also account for the disappearance of oxidationsusceptible heterotrophic dinoflagellate cysts and other palynomorphs. Rotifers as predators on components of the microbial web (bacteria, heterotrophic flagellates, ciliates) - a review. Classification and characterisation of heterotrophic microbial communities on the basis of patterns of community-level sole-carbon source utilisation. Conversion efficiencies in heterotrophic organisms. Trophic strategies among heterotrophic flagellates. What about their heterotrophic consumers, particularly metazoa ? The consortium has three functionally and physically dominant members as well as numerous heterotrophic members whose role in the disease is as yet unknown. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Under a few millimeters of water heterotrophic bacteria metabolize and consume oxygen. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The cycling of elements from dead organic matter by heterotrophic soil microorganisms is essential for nutrient turnover and energy transfer in terrestrial ecosystems. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. As bikonts, they all descend from a heterotrophic eukaryote with two flagella. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Sequences from aerobic, anaerobic, psychrophilic, thermophilic, halophilic, alkaliphilic, acidophilic, desiccation-resistant, autotrophic, and heterotrophic organisms were present, including a number from multicellular eukaryotes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Their environment was very heterotrophic, meaning there was natural food resources preserved. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Most pathogenic bacteria can be viewed as heterotrophic parasites of humans or the other eukaryotic species they affect. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. However, many heterotrophic marine bacteria do produce siderophores, albeit with properties different from those produced by terrestrial organisms. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Furthermore, some parasitic plants have also turned fully or partially heterotrophic, while carnivorous plants consume animals to augment their nitrogen supply while remaining autotrophic. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Like herbivores and predators, decomposers are heterotrophic, meaning that they use organic substrates to get their energy, carbon and nutrients for growth and development. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The organism is capable of heterotrophic growth in the dark in the presence of glycerol and grazes on bacteria, especially when phosphate is limited. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. They are heterotrophic, generally digesting food in an internal chamber, which separates them from plants and algae. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Mixotrophic dinoflagellates are photosynthetically active, but are also heterotrophic. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Part the net primary production, or the remaining carbon absorbed by the biosphere, is emitted back into the atmosphere through fires and heterotrophic respiration. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. All orchids are myco-heterotrophic at some point in their life cycle. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. They are heterotrophic and live in both freshwater and seawater. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Heterotrophic organisms have to acquire and take in all the organic substances they need to survive. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The nutrition of the gametophyte appears to be myco-heterotrophic, assisted by endophytic fungi. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Significantly, heterotrophic bacteria were also found to markedly increase in number in the iron-induced blooms. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Most members are facultatively or obligately anaerobic, chemoautotrophs, and heterotrophic, but there are numerous exceptions. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Thus, the origins of the heterotrophic organelle (symbiont) are identical to the origins of the eukaryotic lineage. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In congruence with older reports, it has been recently shown that some myco-heterotrophic orchids can be supported by saprotrophic fungi, exploiting litter- or wood-decaying fungi. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Examples of fungi parasitized by myco-heterotrophic plants can be found among the ectomycorrhizal, arbuscular mycorrhizal, and orchid mycorrhizal fungi. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Most lithotrophic organisms are autotrophic, whereas organotrophic organisms are heterotrophic. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Thus, all heterokonts are believed to descend from a single heterotrophic ancestor that became photosynthetic when it acquired plastids through endosymbiosis of another unicellular eukaryote. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. However, it is important to note that autochthonous (coming from within the ecosystem) pathways may also remain important in heterotrophic ecosystems. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Several unique features in the cell, such as a feeding organelle, substantiate their unique phylogenetic position, an unusual movement, and heterotrophic mode of nutrition. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The reason for this appearance is that the members of the family are all myco-heterotrophic species. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Most opisthokonts and prokaryotes are heterotrophic; in particular, all animals and fungi are heterotrophs. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. First, it occurs without carbon loss, and makes organic matter more efficiently available to phagotrophic organisms, rather than only heterotrophic bacteria. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Bacteria, heterotrophic organisms, consume oxygen while decomposing organic material which depletes the soils of oxygen, thus increasing the redox potential. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Such organisms are not defined as autotrophic, but rather as heterotrophic. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. They are protists and are suggested to have evolutionary significance in being a possible transitional form between ecologically important heterotrophic and photosynthetic species among chromalveolates. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Precipitation is biotically controlled by heterotrophic organisms, sometimes in association with photo-autotrophic organisms such as red algae. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Heterotrophic growth has only been observed, however, in the presence of oxygen. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. All species in this genus are myco-heterotrophic, i.e. they are parasitic upon fungi. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Today, protozoan are usually single-celled and heterotrophic eukaryotes containing non-filamentous structures that belong to any of the major lineages of protists. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Two different pathways, or autotrophic and heterotrophic pathways, through which calcium carbonate is produced have been identified. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Heterotrophic microbes are extremely abundant in nature and are responsible for the breakdown of large organic polymers such as cellulose, chitin or lignin which are generally indigestible to larger animals. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Heterotrophic microbes live off of nutrients that they scavenge from living hosts (as commensals or parasites) or find in dead organic matter of all kind (saprophages). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. While there is no exact definition for the term "protozoa", it is often referred to as a unicellular heterotrophic protist, such as the amoeba and ciliates. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. A food web depicts a collection of polyphagous heterotrophic consumers that network and cycle the flow of energy and nutrients from a productive base of self-feeding autotrophs. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Despite this fact, the brine-containing interstices and pockets found in sea ice host a variety of organisms, including bacteria, autotrophic and heterotrophic protists, microalgae, and metazoan. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Ecologically, this species is partially myco-heterotrophic. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Oil fly larvae contain about 200,000 heterotrophic bacteria, which have been of interest to scientists searching for microorganisms or enzymes that function in an organic solvent environment. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The great diversity in unrelated plant families with myco-heterotrophic members, as well as the diversity of fungi targeted by myco-heterotrophs, suggests multiple parallel evolution of myco-heterotrophs from mycorrhizal ancestors. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. A descendent of this eukaryotic alga was then itself engulfed by a heterotrophic eukaryote with which it formed its own symbiotic relationship and was preserved as a plastid. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. With the loss of photosynthetic plants covering and cooling the surface of the soil, the infrared energy penetrates the soil heating it up and causing a rise in heterotrophic bacteria. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The photosynthetic activity fuels processes and conversions in the total biofilm community, including the heterotrophic fraction. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Tintinnids are heterotrophic aquatic organisms. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Unlike plants, which generally gain carbon through photosynthesis, and so are called autotrophs, fungi generally obtain carbon by breaking down and absorbing surrounding materials, and so are called heterotrophic saprotrophs. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. All animals are "heterotrophic", as are fungi. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The authors observed that though the debate between the heterotrophic and chemotrophic theories revolved around carbon fixation, in actuality these pathways evolved first to make energy. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Because the fungi that myco-heterotrophic plants gain sugars from in turn gain them from plants that do photosynthesise, they are considered indirect parasites of other plants. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Oxygen, produced as a by-product of photosynthesis, is released into the atmosphere and subsequently used for respiration by heterotrophic organisms and other plants, forming a cycle. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Heterotrophic systems may be of different size and complexity such as an island, most cities, an oyster reef or a sewage treatment plant. In the second mode of analysis, nutrient was in contact with the samples (heterotrophic mode). Here we describe the colonization of heavily shocked gneiss by heterotrophic bacteria in a natural setting. As they are fully heterotrophic, they are not viable on their own. The storage polymers in the starchy endosperm must then be mobilized and transported to the embryo to fuel its subsequent heterotrophic growth. In contrast, heterotrophic reactors require frequent backwash to remove excess biomass and thus prevent deterioration of performance. The investigations were carried out for defined heterotrophic biofilms that were cultivated in a tube reactor. We also cannot examine all known heterotrophic bacteria stored in culture collections to confirm that all or most of them effect dye reduction. Plates were spread in triplicate and the direct counts averaged to estimate the total heterotrophic bacterial population. What theoretical level of heterotrophic activity might be supported by the organic carbon produced by an interstitial mat ? The consortia living in the microbial mats would have included heterotrophic as well as chemolithotrophic organisms. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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