| 词汇 | example_english_grate |
| 释义 | Examples of grateThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Effect of strabismus on the development of vernier acuity and grating acuity in monkeys. Responses of striate cor tex cells to grating and checkerboard patterns. Responses of striate cortex cells to grating and checkerboard patterns. To compare the development of contour integration with basic spatial resolution, we measured either grating acuity or full contrast sensitivity functions. Effect of static noise and grating masks on detection and identification of grating targets. 265 grated to determine the relative importance of features, the correlation between the system's results and the observer's assessments increased. By giving the grating a suitable structure, one can obtain interesting physical effects which, in turn, can be useful for a number of applications. Large-aperture compression gratings require stringent compression grating alignment to minimize beam shear, pedestal, and pulse lengthening effects. After reflecting off the grating the resulting fringe pattern or ' spectrogram ' may be viewed or photographed at the exit port of the spectrometer. The effects of grating area and spatial frequency on contrast sensitivity as a function of light level. Change in ver tical position increased monotonically with grating speeds up to 50 deg 0s, in both control and "barber pole" conditions. Right-end plots display the initial changes in horizontal and ver tical positions, as a function of grating and line-endings speeds, respectively. If the two gratings are in phase, the resulting combination is a stronger stimulus than either grating alone. Movements of the eyes bring about changes in the relative phases of a par ticular grating on different trials. Schematic diagram of the effect of off-axis grating orientation on the frequency of intersections of the grating with a thin-line process. The grating pair was separated horizontally by a 30-inch gap. Hence, it is clear that motion does not have to be perpendicular to the contour of either grating to elicit directional selectivity. 2! The screen not containing the stimulus grating pattern remained illuminated but blank. Edge or grating reversal is useful for testing linearity of spatial summation. The double-pass grating stretcher two holographic gratings, 1800 lines 0 mm!, elongates the pulse to about 0.5 ns. The toroidal mirror focuses the radiation emitted by the laser-gas interaction point on the grating entrance plane. Such a plasma grating exhibits an ultrawide photonic band gap, near which strong dispersion appears. Our choice of circular grating patches may also affect our data and yield slightly different results than rectangular gratings. Summation of grating patches indicates many types of detectors at one retinal location. The grating pair was separated horizontally by a 30-arcmin gap. Within the grating stimulus cluster, radial gratings were generally segregated from the concentric gratings. The last three histograms in each column are for special conditions: grating only, bar only, and spontaneous. Closed symbols illustrate responses to the control grating motion. Identical results were observed with other directions of grating motion and aper ture orientation. Before we describe other stimuli, it is important to point out potential artifacts that could contaminate the spot and grating data at high speeds. We then compared these directions with those of the grating motion that caused significant correlations. The visual acuity of octopuses for grating of different orientations. The compound grating consists of red and green raised cosine waveforms. A more general approach to segregation of chromatic and luminance signals can be achieved using another stimulus configuration which we call a compound grating stimulus. The cell on the right shows an enhanced response to the other grating phase position for this sequence as well. Similar moving grating orientationally selective responses can be seen in the third column for preadaptation to dark. Our results demonstrated that most neurons responded when the component grating spatial frequencies overlapped the neurons' luminance passband. The effective spatial frequency presented to the eye was varied by moving the grating up and down above the eye. In the experiment, human subjects fixated on 16 types of parallel grating stimuli with different numbers of bars per degree of visual field. At 1:13 grating metal follows as a new, pitched motive. The compensation of this broadening is studied in the following by using a pair of grating in a par ticular mounting. Because the group velocity dispersion of the grating leads to substantial temporal broadening of the harmonic pulses, the time resolution was limited to several picoseconds. What grates on one's epistemic sensibilities slightly, however, is the level or quantum of proof that the defendant's case must achieve. The key role of the index grating for the self-organization of the dynamic reciprocal cavity was demonstrated. Moreover, the grating dispersion approaches infinite at the band gap edges. In the behavioral study, we measured the ability of infants to detect sinusoidal grating patterns in varying levels of spatiotemporal broadband noise. The position of a 0.5-2 deg patch of grating that evoked the maximum obtainable response was designated as the center of the receptive field. Using this method both the observers repor ted that the grating consistently remained chromatic and that there was no achromatic intrusion. However, the relationship between perimetry thresholds and ganglion cell density has a much weaker theoretical basis than the use of grating resolution thresholds. We investigated how carrier phase influenced abutting grating responses of bimodal neurons at their optimal low and high carrier spatial frequencies. A schematic model accounting for abutting grating responses. A reference grating with fixed contrast is superimposed on a test grating for which the contrast is varied. Configuration of compound grating stimulus compared to luminance and chromatic gratings. Three special conditions shown at the bottom: grating only, bar only, and spontaneous activity. There are, of course, an effectively unlimited number of different combinations of luminances that could be used for the adaptation, simulated saccade, and grating stimuli. 480 appear at least somewhat correlated with grating direction selectivity. No systematic differences were found between ellipse sizes obtained with different methods using grating stimuli see text for details!. Here, we have shown that amacrine responses to grating motion, stationary spots, and bar motion are all similar to those of photoreceptors. If the grating stimulates two cone types out of phase, then the contrasts will be given opposite signs. Stimuli are composed of a test grating and a surrounding mask grating with the same orientation. To compare the development of motion sensitivity with basic spatial vision, we measured either grating acuity or spatial contrastsensitivity functions. The implications are that either plaid masking is selectively enhanced or grating masking is selectively diminished when a binocular match is achieved. They performed a detailed psychophysical investigation of dichoptic masking for 1 cycle/deg targets and ranges of spatial frequencies, orientations, and phases of grating masks. Because this mirror is located between the second and third grating strike in the compressor, its position does not have a significant effect on the compressed pulse. To analyze the influence of the grating movement on the oscillation conditions in the self-organizing cavity the interfering optical waves were assumed to have a frequency detuning. Here we have studied the nature of the modulation using a new type of compound stimulus: contrast reversal of pattern stimuli made of three discrete grating patches. After isolation of a single cell, its receptive-field center was plotted by means of hand-held stationary or moving light and dark spots, as well as grating stimuli. We have scaled our grating stimulus parameters with eccentricity selectively for each mechanism, so as to achieve a peak in cone contrast sensitivity for each mechanism at each eccentricity tested. After the block with the highest spatialfrequency grating (20 lines 0mm), another warm-up block was given and the ascending series of six gratings and their six matched blanks was repeated. Mutual competition of mode groups at the initial stage of grating formation does not allow real "self-starting" oscillation without external influence providing predominance of a mode group. First, we concentrated on the role of grating motion vectors located at the center of the stimulus, by removing more and more of these local, ambiguous motion signals. With an aspect ratio of 1, horizontal responses were not significantly different from the genuine residual horizontal drift sometimes observed with a pure upward grating motion. To tackle this problem, a complete set of control conditions, where each grating motion direction was seen through an upright square aper ture, was always interleaved with other experimental conditions. We mapped receptive fields by measuring the response of the neuron as the length and width and position of a patch of grating were independently changed. On the other hand, about half of these neurons also responded to a limited band of high component grating spatial frequencies that were beyond the neurons' luminance resolution. However, the greater incidence of contour-preferring cells may simply reflect a sampling bias, owing to the fact that there were more contour stimuli than grating stimuli (80 vs. 48). The sagittal focus lie before the grating focal plane, so the height of the spectral lines on the detector is propor tional to the sagittal beam divergence. The design of the monochromator is based on the conical diffraction, which realizes very high diffraction efficiency by exploiting the specular reflection on the grating facets long-wise illuminated. Femtosecond pulses are stretched up to 200 ps in a double-pass allreflected stretcher using a diffraction grating with 1200 grove/mm and 750-mm length mirror telescope. To establish the relative developmental time courses, we studied the development of contour integration abilities in comparison to the development of grating acuity in individual macaque monkeys. We know from the section above that the inputs to this model (for a moving sinusoidal grating input) are sinusoidal, have the same amplitude, and have a constant relative phase. Both the height (in grating cycles) and the spatial frequency of the grating were selected to optimize cone contrast sensitivity as par t of the experiments described below. In the hardware and hollow-ware group of industries, which includes stoves, grates, bedsteads, tinplate goods, etc. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 They include grates, baths, soil pipes, and rain pipes, and a large number of other articles essential to the construction of a house. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Cast hollow-ware is included with stoves, grates, ranges, pipes, etc. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In the perfect silence we heard a toucan's grating call. His continual agitation is portrayed by the constant nervous repetitions, but also by the rhythm of this canon, which grates against the written metre. Thus, grating stimuli consistently provide greater excitation than bars alone. In both channels, grating monochromators were installed which were needed for different types of experiments. Identifying the orientation of the grating then became a matter of deciding whether the splotches looked more ver tical or horizontal. Each grating stimulus had optimal orientation and spatial frequency. The velocities of the grating increase from top to bottom as shown. In all experiments, we first determined each neuron's preferred orientation and drift direction using patches of grating stimuli of near-optimal spatial frequency. In preverbal and animal subjects, resolution is typically measured by grating acuity rather than by letter acuity. Reducing the grating separation from the chirp-less condition generates positively chirped pulses, and an increase provides negatively chirped pulses. Each test session consisted of 60 stimulus grating trials, interleaved with 30 blank trials in which no gratings or rewards were presented. However, the cell was moderately well driven by both grating phase positions. Both also show a pronounced preference for grating phase position 0 versus position 180. To examine whether there is a fixed relationship between these two parameters, we measured both the optimal carrier and grating spatial frequencies for 86 neurons. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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