| 词汇 | example_english_germinate |
| 释义 | Examples of germinateThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Seeds made water-permeable by boiling imbibed water, and thus germinated, at a much slower rate than those made water-permeable by mechanical scarification. Only two of 221 seeds (<1%) monitored beneath the study tree or in the experimental plots germinated, one after its seed coat was damaged. In this experiment, 4 replicate batches of 100 seeds of each treatment combination were stored and after treatment seeds were germinated as described above. None of the untreated seeds germinated, although all appeared healthy when cut open at the end of the experiment. Between 60 and 80 % of seeds germinated after six months storage at 12.8 % moisture content. At the commencement of the emergence trial, germinated seeds (radicle protrusion of 1-2 mm) were selected from each treatment and planted. Under aerobic conditions, seeds germinated more rapidly at lower salinity. Seeds with radicles 2 mm were considered to be germinated and thus discontinued for the imbibition tests. None of the caryopses matured in this regime germinated at zero time compared with an initial germination of 42% for the well-watered control. Under these conditions the hydropriming pretreatment could be prolonged up to 5 d since none of the seeds germinated by this time. The majority of the seeds germinated within 7 d of being exposed to the alternating temperature/light regimes. Germination trials were continued for a period of 30 days, during which time seeds were examined every second day and germinated seeds counted and removed. Aged seeds were less vigorous, but they were not dead since they had almost all germinated after 7 d (results not shown). Because the latter phenomenon is so closely tied to environmental attributes, the physical surroundings of germinating seeds will be discussed first. A favourite experimental system for these studies has been the germinating seed. The inhibitors override the stimulants and prevent seeds from germinating maladaptively in unburned habitats adjacent to burns. Seeds treated with fluridone began germinating after 72 h, whereas smoke-treated seeds did not. Rapidly germinating species were considered to be those that required <20 days to reach 50% of the seeds germinated in experiments. All seeds treated only with smoke had germinated by day 6. Seeds that germinated during treatments were not included in the analysis. Seeds were regarded as germinated when the radicle protruded through the seed coat and was longer than 2 mm. Only 4% of the control seeds imbibed, and only 3% of them germinated. However, after the first seed germinated, there was often a long period of time before the second one germinated. In one-, two-, three, four-, five- and six-seeded drupes, 74, 66, 65, 72, 56 and 0% of the seeds, respectively, germinated. Seeds were monitored weekly for 5 weeks, and seeds were removed as they germinated. On day 20, six of the seeds had already germinated; thus the critical embryo length for germination was recorded for these seeds. 24), 0, 80 and 77%, respectively, of the seeds had imbibed, and 0, 70 and 43%, respectively, had germinated. The respiration measurements started after 1 h from initial seed imbibition, ending when approximately 10% of the seeds had germinated. Seeds germinated more rapidly under alternating temperatures than under constant temperatures. Values in parentheses refer to the number of seeds that germinated, otherwise it was zero. Up to 60% of the seeds buried in nylon bags germinated in the first year after sowing. Many seeds remained non-dormant and germinated as soils warmed during the spring months. A seed was considered germinated when its radicle protruded through the tegument. To make sure that all seeds had germinated, the soil was mixed again after 3 weeks. In the laboratory, seeds germinated more rapidly and to a higher final percentage under anaerobic conditions compared to aerobic conditions. As seedlings germinated, they were identified and removed. Seed were considered germinated when radicles had protruded at least 1 mm. During this period less than 3% of the seeds germinated. Seeds were considered germinated when the embryo had just ruptured the testa. Freshly-matured seeds of the three species germinated to 0-11% in darkness. In germinating seeds, the leakage of electrolytes is immediately minimized, due to the re-establishment of membrane integrity to prevent further leakage. During imbibition of germinating soybean seeds, water from the strong and multi-molecular sites exchanges to the weak binding sites. Several species in this group germinated at a very low percentage or not at all. Seeds scarified by soaking in sulphuric acid (amount of time not given) germinated to 48%. Thus, even after a continuous incubation period on a moist substrate for 42 weeks, <1% of the seeds had germinated. Therefore, if a seed already had germinated when embryo measurements were made, the critical embryo length (for germination) was assigned to that embryo. Eight dicot species germinated from the 1-d post-burn soils and 13 from the 1-y post-burn soils. All except one of the 72 pre-burn soil samples (99%) contained germinating dicot seed and 40 (56%) contained germinating monocot seed. When new plants germinated, they were also marked and mapped. Most of the strangler figs had germinated in some sort of cavity. Germination was monitored in each experiment during a 90-d period or until all seeds germinated. Both of the latter species seemed to maximize the first growth season by germinating at the beginning of the favourable season. Although none of the cached seeds followed in this study survived to germination, several lines of evidence suggest that most seedlings germinated from rat-cached seeds. I n t his paper, we use ' seedlings' t o i ndicate firstyear seedlings germinated in 1998-9. Seeds were considered to have germinated when the radicle was clearly visible. Seeds were then germinated in a shadecloth 'nursery' (4% full daylight), in trays 5 cm deep filled with forest topsoil. Surprisingly, in that study, only 39% of seeds germinated, while a large portion of seeds (40%) were found to be non-viable. The dishes were checked weekly, and any seeds that had germinated were counted and discarded. To date, studies on seeds have failed to provide an enzyme as a transitional developmental marker between the dormant and germinating states. Seeds germinated to 0-17% in light over the range of thermoperiods following 8 or 12 wk of warm- or cold stratification in the light. Unprimed seeds were also germinated in this way. Leek seeds from the low-vigour seed lot were also germinated for 6 days without prior osmopriming. Excised embryos from caryopses of all three genotypes germinated readily when afterripened for six weeks. Values near solid circles are the total number of seeds that germinated on that day. Most seeds (96%) having a mass below 6.0 mg were non-viable and, of the viable seeds, none germinated. Seeds were retrieved and germinated as described for 1998/1999. In this study, we identified various chitinase isozymes present in developing and germinating muskmelon seeds. Of the remaining seeds, 90-100% consistently germinated after such a treatment. The seeds were imbibed and germinated in pure distilled water or in aqueous solutions of the chemicals to be tested. I did not make clear that, within a gap, conditions may vary enormously at the scale of a newly germinated seedling or newly established plant. Of nine seed species planted in the laboratory, seven germinated within 4 wk, with one species achieving an 89% germination rate. Under moderate predation pressures, seeds may be able to escape predation by germinating at a distance from the parent. At each exhumation the number of seedlings that had germinated in the plots was noted. Seeds with a protruded radicle of length c. 3 mm were considered as germinated. In order to limit the presence of other varieties germinating from the seed bank, the cropping interval for propagation of certified seeds is 6 years. Freshly harvested seeds, displaying 100% germination, were considered as germinating seeds. Thus, nondormant achenes germinated at relatively high temperatures, and germination was promoted by fluctuating temperatures. Seeds germinated to at least 60% in all other alternating temperature regimes in both years. Filter papers were kept moist with distilled water, and germinated seeds were counted and removed every week. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks, and germinated seeds were counted and discarded every 2 weeks. The maximal potential germination percentage was calculated as the sum of per cent germinated seeds and per cent non-germinated, but viable seeds. They were counted every 12 h, and those with protruded radicles were regarded as having germinated. Here, we hypothesize that smaller-seeded species can produce greater number of seeds and disperse them widely, thus colonizing an open habitat by germinating quickly. A grain was considered to have germinated when elongation of the radicle reached 1 mm. Seeds were washed and germinated as in the in vitro digestion experiment above. Seeds were germinated in their fruiting bracts or after bract removal. Seeds with a 2 mm radicle protrusion were considered to have germinated. Like most ideas whose historical time has come, this idea is a reinterpretation of similar, older ideas that have been germinating for many years. When lentil seed is broadcast, some seeds remain in the soil without germinating. The seeds are subsequently germinated and measured for the trait. The mature seeds germinated quickly and produced the longest seedlings. No surface-sterilized seeds germinated in any of the pretreatments although viability remained at 100%. However, no significant difference was observed between control caryopses and ethanol-treated ones, as long as the latter had not yet germinated. They were regarded as germinated when the radicle had emerged to at least 2 mm. Seeds with a radicle c. 3.0 mm long were considered as germinated. All species germinated more when provided with light than in continuous darkness. The initial viability of the seeds was estimated using 3 batches of 100 untreated seeds that were germinated at the start of storage. The experiment lasted for 2 weeks, during which germinated seeds were counted and removed daily. In this batch, 88.3% of the seeds were still intact and had not germinated. Seeds were scored daily for germination, with radicle emergence of more than 1 mm classified as germinated. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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