| 词汇 | example_english_friction |
| 释义 | Examples of frictionThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. While funds are free to rebalance their investments as asset prices change, there are the frictions of transactions costs and inertia. The joint frictions have been taken into account in the proposed lagrangian model. If trade frictions are low, conducting trade in the unorganized sector is so attractive that it may not generate sufficient profits for the intermediation business. If trade frictions are moderate, bills circulate as a general medium of exchange, and the level of specialization is higher relative to barter. In the latter, indeterminacy significantly relied on scale economies, whereas here it almost exclusively rests on frictions in financial market. When trade frictions are low, conducting trade in the unorganized sector is so attractive that it may not generate sufficient profits for the intermediation business. The amount of nominal volatility, however, is shown to vary with asset market frictions and with government policy. The nominal frictions in terms of the degrees of price and wage stickiness are somewhat smaller in the open-economy model. No policy implements this allocation in the decentralized economy with relocation and information frictions. Moreover, the severity of financial market frictions is itself endogenous in the models we describe. However, if the rate of inflation is increased excessively, real returns will be driven down to the point where credit market frictions become binding. Singularities appear in the higher-order approximate solutions to the viscous displacement velocities and skin frictions, which coincide with the singularity of the first-order approximate solution. Here as well, exploring frictions and incorporating more institutional detail may prove fruitful. The critical feature here is the presence of time discounting together with trade frictions stemming from the restriction on coalition formation. 10. The conflicts and frictions mentioned above arise from this lack of a single logic being applied to regulate the totality of the building. Money acquires value because of its ability to partially defeat trade frictions deriving from imperfectly functioning spot markets. Our objective is to explore policy in a model that plausibly represents a continuous-time model with frictions and with point estimates in the unstable region. There is a substantial and growing literature that considers the effects of borrowing constraints and other frictions on asset price behavior. With frictions such as adjustment costs, the equity security becomes an unattractive instrument for consumption smoothing relative to the risk-free asset. However, there are some differences in the estimated degree of the nominal and real frictions, which have effects on the dynamics of the two models. In contrast, the real frictions, in terms of habit formation and investment adjustment costs, are larger in the open-economy setting than in the closed-economy model. At a general level, the existence of nominal and real frictions is crucial for both models' ability to fit the data. In some cases, the literature does point to size as a factor in credit market frictions. Finally, growth-optimal bounds may be useful diagnostic tools to evaluate the effects of market frictions. Finally, examining the effects of alternative informational frictions would be a useful exercise. Moreover, the petitioners, who included merchants and cultivators, note the frictions produced in the past by the baladiyya's imposition of unequal taxation. Inflation matters because it affects the severity of these frictions. When trade frictions are moderate, both trading sectors are active and bills of exchange circulate as a general medium of exchange. We focus on this class of models to highlight the precautionary demand for assets and the role of market frictions in portfolio choice. On the contrary, their petty jealousies and frictions, their incompetence and, eventually, their cowardice greatly contributed to its humiliating downfall. Our hypothesis is that the frictions and difficulties that arise from this openness to the outside world are integrated into the design of the building. The model also adopts a one-sector production structure with frictions to factor markets. Thus, a model of money must contain sufficient frictions to establishing rich enough credit relationships for money to be necessary as a means of exchange. Market frictions could disrupt the linkage between asset returns and the consumption-based pricing kernel at short horizons. To determine how frictions affect aggregate variability, two types of borrowing constraints are studied. On the contrary, our model focuses on how trade frictions affect the extent of the market and inside liquidity, and their effects on specialization. When = 1, a larger money supply may enhance the search process if search frictions are severe. If the trade frictions are moderate, merchant's profits and the extent of the organized markets increases as trade becomes easier. Their prosperity and vitality rested upon the free flow of goods and people, but those flows generated enormous frictions. Whether his rhetorical structures have economized on intellectual frictions and whether this is an efficient strategy are for the reader to decide. Note that in the basic model with no specialization choice (or, when y = 0 in this model), a decrease in trade frictions unambiguously improves welfare. As long as the time discount rate is small, all transactions take place in the organized markets, regardless of the degree of trade frictions. However, the process of return to equilibrium can be very sluggish, reflecting the presence of market frictions, such as portfolio adjustment costs. The existence of each equilibrium is affected by trading externality, search frictions, and liquidity level. A first step toward modeling frictions is to modify the competitive model by introducing price-setting agents. In particular, we abstract from frictions such as borrowing constraints. Using alternative asset menus it will be valuable to explore the implications of growth-optimal bounds for various economic models, particularly those that incorporate asset market frictions. As a result of this simplification, in these models a number of imperfections and frictions that characterize the actual functioning of financial markets are not explicitly considered. The imperfection in the labor market is assumed to be generated by trading frictions that make it costly for unemployed workers and firms with vacancies to meet. When trade frictions fall, agents' expected returns from trading in the unorganized sector rise, and so merchants need to offer a higher q to attract customers. The first example introduces real frictions into a simple model of consumption choice and portfolio choice. Apparently, more research has to be done to fully understand the roles and extents played by other types of market frictions in addition to short-sale constraints. Note that these input and output sounds might not solely be vocalisations, but might also include percussive sounds, such as clapping, or a range of noises based on bodily frictions. We remove the factor market frictions. On the one hand, frictions that restrict the mobility of factors of production, especially of capital, are needed to generate a sufficient equity premium and volatility of asset returns. Unlike fiat money, which is more likely to be valued as trade frictions are more severe, circulation of inside money here requires that trade difficulties are not sufficiently high. When the former predominates, the aggregate variables also display, at least to some extent, the type of sluggish dynamic adjustment associated with microeconomic money demand frictions. In this sense, planning problems are fictions created by researchers to facilitate understanding of the importance of the various constraints and frictions in the decentralized economy. More recent literature on monetary analysis explicitly models credit market frictions and financial intermediaries. Competition between different transaction patterns and how it responds to changes in trade frictions are crucial elements underlying the existence of the pure inside money equilibrium. Individuals can do away with the trade frictions due to random matching by resorting to a costly trade mechanism not requiring usage of media of exchange. However, an economy with pervasive trade frictions may have an incentive to fully defeat such frictions, even if some resources need to be used up in the process. Although these relations were never entirely free of frictions, tensions have increased over the two decades since the fall of communism. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English There were, therefore, frictions and difficulties in getting people moved in and in bringing about a good relationship between the old and the new citizens. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I can see frictions developing if that has not been clearly established. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The point of inquiry, in our view, is that it removes misunderstandings and frictions. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I know that there are frictions between the two parties. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Setting up a standing conference of that sort would provide no guarantee that such frictions will not arise and cause problems, but it would help. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There are many systems for helping industry, but the rigidities and the frictions are overwhelmingly destructive of all enterprise. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 To try to reduce frictions between the local people and visitors, the boards must continue to improve their public relations. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We must look at the social costs and of the frictions and delays that traffic problems for instance create. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Further, there are the personal difficulties, the personal frictions of those who have not been too anxious and perhaps actually unwilling to be brought together. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Great frictions are likely to arise from those differences of system. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There are frictions, and it would be silly to claim that they do not arise. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Many consultants are resentful at frictions of that kind. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The intention is quite simply to define the mutual frictions, to facilitate and maintain debate on them and join together in seeking a solution. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English First, halfway through his speech he referred to the tensions and frictions that would be created by what is being proposed. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Half the delays and frictions which arise come from that cause. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Why are so many avoidable frictions permitted to develop until largescale stoppages of work occur? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 A single currency has not removed all the frictions, difficulties and tensions in our society. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 All these diseases and frictions to-day are the price that the nation is paying for the tremendous blood bath of war. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Does he think that this is the way to avoid the frictions that arise even in the best-conducted families? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Because immigrants tend to congregate in certain areas social frictions and problems arise. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I do not think that it is the first time, and it certainly will not be the last time, that such frictions occur. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 To do that would be likely to produce all the industrial frictions, difficulties and problems that the scheme was intended to avoid. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 At such times it is very often the sergeant-pilot who is made the prey for some of these little frictions and jealousies. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In this overall scene, inevitably within the armed services battles and frictions develop and inevitably there is a battle about the tank versus the helicopter. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 They must have some knowledge of psychology and the way in which people live, and of the tensions in a modern built-up community and the frictions between people and districts. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 A child might miss something for the lack of his intellectual peers—he may owe even more to the social frictions of a company of his own emotional kind. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Thus, all kinds of frictions develop. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Frictions will develop between friendly nations. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Obviously, its implementation will give rise to certain frictions here and there, in regard to both the method of purchase and the machines to be purchased. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Unless he is going willingly, you will have all sorts of frictions and unhappinesses not only between the landlord and the tenant, but between the tenant and the heir. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Fourthly, there is no real community of interest between the town and the county, and the sooner we recognise that, the sooner those frictions and local, petty irritations will disappear. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There will be frictions and antagonisms. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Of course, it is to be expected that there will be some transitional frictions and there are further reforms to be made; indeed, history never stops. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The medical and nursing staff in our hospitals deserve a great deal of credit, particularly bearing in mind the frictions and the difficulties urged upon them by a higher administration. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Everything done for a soldier in the war eventually had to be done by a soldier and any frictions that arise from that one cannot really cure. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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