| 词汇 | example_english_free-radical |
| 释义 | Examples of free radicalThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. A freeradical is a molecule with an unpaired electron. Indirect evidence of increased freeradical activity (oxidative stress) may be obtained by measurement of antioxidant concentrations in all tissue and body fluids. And finally a reperfusion injury characterized by freeradical formation and oxidative stress. Thus, desiccation sensitivity may result from an inadequate provision of freeradical scavenging mechanisms. When a freeradical reacts with a non-radical molecule a new radical is created, and consequently chain reactions are often initiated. Freeradical scavengers ameliorate the 2-cell block in mouse embryo culture. The presence of the freeradical scavenging enzymes in parasitic organisms has been linked with immunomodulation. They are known freeradical scavengers and metal chelators. The freeradical theory of aging : a critique. During the hydrolysis again a freeradical mechanism should be advocated for the reaction. During rehydration, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities increased markedly, possibly affording freeradical protection until full hydration and metabolic recovery had occurred. Possibly this is as a result of freeradical formation. Freeradical activity following contraction-induced injury to the extensor digitorum longus muscles of rats. Ageing: a theory based on freeradical and radiation chemistry. By a feedback mechanism on presynaptic auto-receptors, they reduce dopamine turnover and associated freeradical production. It is important to emphasise that the by-product of hypotaurine, after freeradical scavenging, is taurine. The parasite action on the host is accompanied by freeradical production. There is abundant literature on ethanol-induced freeradical formation. The abundant sources leading to freeradical generation have required all aerobic organisms to develop intra- and extracellular mechanisms of detoxification. The main biological effect of c radiation of this range of energy is freeradical production by ionization, which has toxic effects on the cell. The objective of this article is to review the literature on the relationship between cerebral ischaemia, reperfusion injury, freeradical production and protective antioxidant capacity. The use of transgenic and mutant mice to study oxygen freeradical metabolism. Attenuation of freeradical generation related to cardiac arachidonate cascade by dietary restriction during aging. On the other hand, it does not include the entropy effect of releasing a freeradical, which is expected to be large. The oxidizing action of a freeradical is explained by the presence of the unpaired electron. The freeradical theory of aging matures. Biological sites and mechanism of freeradical production. Evidence for a peroxide-initiated freeradical mechanism of prostaglandin synthesis. There is no doubt that both hypoxia and hypoxiareoxygenation lead to freeradical production, and so a large overlap exists between the pathologies that the two insults can create. Three-dimensional structure of the freeradical protein of ribonucleotide reductase. In general, the results suggest that, although damage resulting in viability loss was clearly taking place, the limitation to desiccation tolerance did not result from inadequate freeradical scavenging. It has been widely hypothesised that during desiccation of these seeds a stress induced metabolic imbalance develops that leads to freeradical mediated damage and viability loss. The addition of freeradical scavengers to the cardioplegia solution has been reported to be of benefit experimentally, but this does not appear to have been widely adopted clinically. The freeradical theory of aging is often considered, and is thought to be especially relevant to skeletal muscle, which has a large and changing oxygen consumption. Freeradical injury to skeletal muscles of young, adult, and old mice. As a singlet oxygen quencher and an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, this selenoaminoacid acts as a cell protectant, and prevents ethylene generation by lipid peroxidation/freeradical formation. In the present study, we have focused on the relationship between desiccation sensitivity and activities of freeradical-scavenging enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) in seeds. The critical role of sugars in promoting the state of intracellular vitrification during drying, and hence the condition of low molecular and freeradical mobility, remains in favour. During drying there was no evidence for the accumulation of a stable freeradical, increased lipid peroxidation or decline in freeradical scavenging enzymes in either species. Recovery may be prolonged in severe cases when ventilation has resulted in barotrauma, and/or when exposure to high levels of inspired oxygen has promoted oxygen freeradical damage. Freeradical theory of aging. We suggest that the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in the ageing human oocyte is degraded by freeradical attack on the primordial oocytes residing in the ovary. Freeradical mechanisms in tissue injury. Freeradical oxidation and antioxidants. My noble friend also spoke about freeradical production. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Reaction vessels are typically charged with the two monomers, a freeradical generator, and a chain transfer agent such as an alkyl mercaptan. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Thus freeradical-mediated reperfusion injury-was seen to contribute to the process of innate and subsequent adaptive immune responses. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Molecules that contain heavier isotopes are less prone to destructive effect of free radicals (which is the key point of the free-radical theory of ageing). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. An acidified hindered amine can not easily enter into the freeradical scavenging cycle. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. One of the key uses for the material is as a freeradical initiator for acrylate and methacrylates monomers. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Barbiturates like pentobarbital can act like freeradical scavengers as well decrease intracranial blood volume by reducing cerebral metabolic demand. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These compounds have varying degrees of activity as freeradical scavengers. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Boldine has antioxidant activity that effectively protects against freeradical induced lipid peroxidation or enzyme inactivation. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In later years, the freeradical theory was expanded to include not only aging "per se", but also age-related diseases. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Damage occurs when the freeradical encounters another molecule and seeks to find another electron to pair its unpaired electron. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. It is synthesized via freeradical polymerization and is readily functionalized making it useful in a variety of applications. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Freeradical polymerization has many uses in research as well. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The radical ions then initiate freeradical (and/or ionic) polymerization. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Freeradical attack has been observed for pyrimidine and photochemical reactions have been observed for substituted pyrimidines. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Salvia may stimulate dopamine release and has protective effects against freeradical-induced cell toxicity. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In normal functioning, there are antioxidants in the system that act as freeradical scavengers. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The presence of a freeradical-generating system greatly accelerates polymerization. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The heteroatom (oxygen) stabilizes the formation of a freeradical which is formed by the abstraction of a hydrogen atom by another freeradical. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. During the 1970s, new freeradical inhibitors consisting of nitrated phenol-based retarders were developed. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. While most other freeradical polymerizations do not require such extreme temperatures and pressures, they do tend to lack control. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. It may be stabilized with a freeradical inhibitor such as "tert" -butylcatechol. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Cationic and anionic mechanisms are also more ideally suited for living polymerizations, although freeradical living polymerizations have also been developed. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Another hypothesis would be that normally, tissues contain freeradical scavengers to avoid damage by oxidizing species normally contained in the blood. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Organic materials undergo auto-oxidizations due to freeradical chain reaction. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Two non-polar addition reaction exists as well called freeradical addition and cycloadditions. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Freeradical halogenation reactions occur with halogens, leading to the production of haloalkanes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This inhibition also results in the formation of quantities of the toxic freeradical superoxide. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This removes the freeradical intermediates and prevents the propagation reaction from continuing. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The reaction proceeds via freeradical, involving the intermediacy of the chlorine atoms. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The autoxidation of "p" -xylene is known to proceed through a freeradical process. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. He termed this the peroxide effect, which he proposed proceeds through a freeradical chain reaction addition. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In commercial production, this polymer is prepared by freeradical emulsion polymerization. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. It is a freeradical and is an important intermediate in the chemical industry. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Aging: a theory based on freeradical and radiation chemistry. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. For most biological structures, freeradical damage is closely associated with oxidative damage. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Following its generation, the initiating freeradical adds (nonradical) monomer units, thereby growing the polymer chain. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Nitric oxide is a reactive freeradical which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This process proceeds by a freeradical chain reaction mechanism. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Nitric oxide itself is a freeradical with an unpaired electron, and has a role in host immune defense against pathogens. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Some aspects of bacterial senescence may lend support to contemporary theories of aging, including the freeradical, antagonistic pleiotropy, and disposable soma theories. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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