| 词汇 | example_english_foreign-exchange |
| 释义 | Examples of foreign exchangeThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Financial market offerings are full of enhancements of one kind or another, mostly associated with equity or foreignexchange positions or derivatives. Furthermore, it is an important source of foreignexchange. Since the technology used and recommended is indigenous, there is no capital cost related foreignexchange liability from the mitigation. As mineral resources become scarcer in certain countries, these countries will turn increasingly to non-mineral sources of foreignexchange. The results indicate a strong relationship between environmental improvement and price liberalization, trade and foreignexchange reforms, enterprise restructuring, and privatization reforms. We find that our parameterization of the market price of risk indeed produces foreignexchange risk premia with the requisite properties. They authorised imports and exports, and allocated foreignexchange. British politicians concentrated on the search for compensation for the foreignexchange loss, which was completely inadequate for achieving its objective + the stabilisation of sterling. Without question, chop loans were an important branch of business, but they were subsidiary to their main business of foreignexchange dealings. Foreignexchange would be severely scarce and what little there was would not be used to import agricultural inputs. They relax one of the standard assumptions of models of speculative markets for foreignexchange and allow for two interacting markets. Ever since, a council consisting of high-level government officials has been in charge of allocating foreignexchange. Is technical analysis in the foreignexchange market profitable? In our model, these transfers can be represented by an increase in foreignexchange available for consumption of imported goods. Of the fifty-one nations on a gold standard between 1919 and 1937, thirty-two adopted the gold-exchange standard,28 and others built up foreignexchange reserves. The value of the euro has fluctuated significantly over its short life in foreignexchange markets. The most interesting sections of the book for me were those that dealt with trade policy and foreignexchange/investment policies. But par t of the foreignexchange sold domestically is actually transacted at other official rates that exceed the basic one. This involved opening up the market to new, local and foreign banks, and deregulating interest rates and foreignexchange control. Or are they rather some exogenous shocks to the foreignexchange market? We focus on understanding the sources of the volatility of the foreignexchange risk premia empirically. Finally, note that equation (12) provides a link between the foreignexchange risk premia and macroeconomic shocks. During the 1960s and 1970s, diamonds accounted for about 60 per cent of the country's foreignexchange. The foreignexchange liability for this year would have amounted to 1.6 per cent of only cloth exports in 1996. Supplies of money and credit depended on the quantity of gold and convertible foreignexchange held by central banks. The use of national currencies as foreignexchange reserves was clearly unsustainable in this environment. The driving mechanism in their model is that imports must be paid for with foreignexchange, earned by selling tropical timber. It is easy to see how this stance might have impressed the foreignexchange markets, but the initiative went spectacularly wrong. Both kinds of transactions presupposed that the purchasing company had convertible foreignexchange. In addition, opium provided most of the region's foreignexchange and was central to the financial wellbeing of their governments. The foreignexchange liability, in terms of imported equipment, for this year would have amounted to 1.6 per cent of only cloth exports in 1996. There was also a direct positive impact on the foreignexchange earnings of the country. Since then, foreignexchange trade between banks has been increasing steadily. While there is discussion of savings-investment and foreignexchange ' gaps ', the failure of aid programmes over so many years is also relevant. Bureaucratic delays and shortages of foreignexchange in particular, became irksome. Besides, by 1974, cocoa had accounted for about 50 per cent of total foreignexchange earnings from agricultural exports. High unemployment rates, the depreciated baht, loss of foreignexchange reserves and capital flight led to a good measure of despair. Income from oil and its derivatives provides 80 % of total government revenues and 90 % of foreignexchange earnings. Consequently, acquiring the foreignexchange to finance an import-intensive process of industrial growth was crucial to its success. In practice, foreign loans played no significant role in supplying foreignexchange. With traders of both nationalities there is no need, as in other models, for an exogenous supply of foreignexchange. Such a positive response of the foreignexchange risk premium to an expansionary monetary shock is consistent with the standard economic models. The foreignexchange sector has also realised some gains from privatisation, as a substantial proportion of the divestiture proceeds was realised in foreign currencies. Where inputs are in foreignexchange and receipts in domestic currency, investors are vulnerable to considerable exchange loss. Reciprocal accounts were less important once foreignexchange reserves were liquidated, and co-operative effort was no longer necessary to protect sterling. These occur when, at some point, the foreignexchange flows that finance imports, debt servicing and reserve accumulation decrease significantly and suddenly. There were still speculative crises in foreignexchange markets. Rich countries have no legitimate economic complaint against poor countries which depend on child labor to grow food, fetch water, or earn foreignexchange. It was simple for both official and private dealers in foreignexchange. The ability to import these goods in turn depended on the acquisition of foreignexchange. Thus, the operation of a foreignexchange market plays a crucial role in the sharing of reserves among countries. Exogenous shocks to the foreignexchange markets have a small, although not negligible, impact on the foreignexchange risk premia. The quantitative import restrictions on imports by the private sector included direct import prohibition (a long ' negative list'), quotas, strict licensing and foreignexchange rationing. However, severe financial constraints and scarcity of foreignexchange are not the only explanations for these developments. The inflow is the result of the foreignexchange contract as the counterparty attempts to rebalance their currency exposure. However, a search for well-performing technical trading rules in foreignexchange markets resulted in different findings. One of the more controversial measures was the legalisation of possession of foreignexchange holdings in the autumn of 1993. He was fearful of the reaction of the foreignexchange markets. In 1990, foreignexchange generated by lumber exports had increased by 903 per cent, whilst furniture and fixtures increased by 619 per cent. The increase in foreignexchange generated was also boosted by an increase in the contribution made by the export of kiln-dried lumber. Or over the course of time, refugees act as conduits for remittances from abroad - a key source of foreignexchange. Other forms of regular foreignexchange inflows, such as emigrant remittances, can be included here. Its fortunes were closely linked to the performance of the national economy, since it depended on the government for its foreignexchange requirements. They submitted a short interim report just before the outbreak of war, picking on three areas of particular importance - manpower, shipping and foreignexchange. Disinflation remained the major goal, but external balance and the level of foreignexchange reserves increased their importance as policy constraints. Furthermore, none of the biological control costs require foreignexchange financing. The rise and fall of foreignexchange market intervention as a policy tool. In the early 1980s, foreign financial assets were relatively small (figure 2), and these assets were held primarily to provide a foreignexchange reserve for imports. Countries may be too small to support a liquid and efficient foreignexchange market or too open for a flexible rate to serve as an effective stabilizing mechanism. Widespread import controls or very limited legitimate access to foreignexchange. On the other hand, we must recognize that these banks were essentially foreignexchange banks, so that their balance-sheet totals far exceeded their domestic deposits and note issues. In any event, while a healthy sugar industry remained vital to earn foreignexchange, its share of imported resources was quite insufficient to ensure its own reproduction. Increasingly integrated financial markets, as for foreignexchange, equities and both long and short-term debt. Indeed, as the food and fiber requirements of growing population increased, coupled with the need to generate foreignexchange, increasing agricultural productivity became a vital national concern. Macroeconomic factors, such as the exchange rate, foreignexchange availability and inflationary pressures are important, but cannot explain differences in fertiliser application between neighbours or even regions. They apparently prefer to utilize their limited foreignexchange allowances for the importation of the more commercially attractive antibiotics and sedatives: in consequence, contraceptives are only ordered as an afterthought. Granted, infrastructure, public administrative processes, taxation, interest rates, corruption, securing foreignexchange, expenditures on company security, and the regulatory environment pose different degrees of problems for firms. Remittances from overseas represent one of the major sources of foreignexchange. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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