Examples of fodder

Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0
In addition, the effect of one fodder crop, the sainfoin, was tested for comparison.
Although socio-economic or political failure and frustration may create fodder for revolt, there are other impor tant factors that need to be explored.
Fodder and grass are the products that become available right from the beginning when forests are enclosed for regeneration purpose.
Farmers delayed thinning primarily to obtain more fodder.
Thus, intercropping seems to be desirable in order to meet dietary requirements, fodder supply and also to maintain soil fertility.
Oviposition on fodder maize is attributed to this, last, main flight of moths at the close of the summer season.
The local variety is grown for its grain and for its residues that are used in construction and for fuel and fodder.
Further more, the number of livestock far mers may own is limited by fodder availability, thus limiting the ability to increase manure production.
Cattle are better able to trample refused fodder and other vegetation than are small ruminants.
Herders are supplied with fodder for their livestock, and far mers are provided with manure to maintain soil fertility in their ®elds.
As the rains approach rising humidity stimulates fresh growth and the quality of fodder, and hence the nutrient quality of manure, improves.
Nevertheless, the results of this study do provide a useful comparison of the perfor mance of fodder trees under stress conditions.
Although these narrative descriptions are rich in detail and provide ample fodder for generating hypotheses, they are intentionally not quantified.
Very few commentators discuss the use of leaves for fodder.
Fallowing also provides fodder for grazing animals as well as fuel, medicines, food and building material for human populations.
Indeed, her short-lived marriage itself becomes fodder for sentimental narrative.
Crucial technical improvements included the introduction of cars, tractors, mechanical milkingmachines and locally cultivated or industrially produced animal fodder.
The provision of cultivated fodder was a government initiative during the bad year of 1945 (excessive drought).
Villagers generally perceive coniferous forests to be less useful, since they do not provide much fodder.
In line with this, both grass fodder, and leaf litter collection times are significantly and positively related to total value of outputs.
The water shadow price is included in the present analysis along with those for fuelwood, cut grass, and leaf fodder.
The time spent collecting fuelwood, leaf fodder, and cut grass is found to increase significantly when household shadow prices for these products increased.
The output of fruits and vegetables increase the most, while the production of wheat and fodder tends to decline.
Resources like fuelwood, fodder, and timber can be collected from the forest on a rotation basis in order to preserve the quality of the forest.
The households which do not use grass and tree fodder are not allowed to harvest those products for commercial purposes.
The pattern of dry fodder yield was similar to grain yield.
Green fodder helps meet fodder shortages and improves livestock productivity and, thus, the farm-level benefit.
The present findings underline the importance of trees as a trade-off that far mers make between fodder supply and crop yield.
A better strategy for recycling crop residues as fodder is required, encouraging far mers to maintain a mixed far ming system.
The women far mers took part in the household level evaluations and matrix ranking, particularly for the fodder traits, cooking quality and storage.
Surprisingly, farmers were less or not concerned with cryptic seed-quality features or end-use quality, and quantity and quality of the straw for fodder.
Farmers manage the population to take care of their multiple objectives which include risk aversion, grain yield and fodder supply.
All farmers used the dry stover from the horsegram as a fodder for their animals.
The reasons given for this slow rate or non-adoption were resource competition for land and labour, seasonality in fodder supply and animal mobility.
Using the weeded vegetation as animal fodder compensates for the weeding costs.
The amount of land required to grow fodder produced in forests is computed using the above assumption.
The far mers showed a strong interest in experimenting with and actively cultivating local fodder trees.
The basis of indigenous knowledge of tree fodder quality and its implications for improving the use of tree fodder in developing countries.
They conducted a survey in which far mers identified their preferred fodder trees and evaluation criteria, and rated each species for each criterion.
In the subhumid zone, feeding of tree fodder is done by the far mer, his wife, and frequently by hired labourers.
Fodder trees (the ter m as used here includes shrubs) can provide such high quality feed.
The labor supply pattern emerging from this maximization problem, of course, has implications for forests, because it includes an allocation for fuelwood and fodder collection.
Pollarding is still practised in many tropical areas for the production of fuel and fodder.
The vehicles produced with this shape grammar can then be used as fodder for the imagination of the designer.
Yield-related criteria (both grain and fodder yield) accounted for only 43.3% (1994) and 46.1% (1995) of the responses given by farmers to explain their selections.
Reasons cited were various: the high fodder value of the stripped leaves, the reduction of shading on millet and to make millet transplanting operations easier.
Indigenous knowledge of the feeding value of tree fodder.
Non-edible forage legumes provide high quality animal fodder and soil nitrogen.
In previous work the demand for fodder and grazing in hill areas was at least partially analyzed.
Fuelwood and fodder collections were both greater than biomass growth.
There was also a substantial increase in the area devoted to fodder banks (66 ha, almost doubling the original area).
During the dry season when grass is not available, households feed their animals more leaf fodder and straw, and spend more time grazing them.
Almost half of farm households had already established fodder banks, for example.
The strongest negative result on any of the shadow prices is for the fodder shadow price.
Practically all products are covered, with the main exception of fodder crops.
The proportion of gross value from livestock-related products increases with wealth, as richer households derive higher income from tree fodder, grass fodder, and leaf litter.
Buyers were given a bag of rice and the sellers were given a bundle of fixed unit (bhari or head load) of grass fodder.
The analysis finds that the output of fruits and vegetables increase the most, while the production of wheat and fodder tends to decline.
Research has to develop technologies that enable farmers to exploit the short rainy period by growing short-duration crops for food and fodder.
At the end of the dr y s eas on when fodder is in short supply, they make longer trips to more distant grazing land.
In a sense, in forage production, quality and quantity of fodder obtainable from fodder gardens at each point in their maturation are joint products.
The output of a parser serves as fodder for the next stage of an application.
He proceeded with further research on other kinds of fertilizers (gypsum, lime, kainite,6 and manure), their effects on various crops and fodder grass.
Most of the species evaluated have multiple uses, including food, fodder and/or fuel.
The pine forest dummy is negatively and significantly associated with income from grass and tree fodder.
A systems approach to comparing indigenous and scientific knowledge: consistency and discriminatory power of indigenous and laboratory assessment of the nutritive value of tree fodder.
Animals were badly housed in cramped conditions and there was an inadequate supply of fodder crops.
The animals were fed with plant fodder and barley grain, and had free access to water and straw during the experiment.
They were seen as practices that neither created high quality timber nor high quality fodder.
Accordingly, they also make provision for an area for fodder.
She collected fodder for animals and carried them on her head.
Village 1 dummy is negative for tree and grass fodder and leaf litter regressions, with significance for tree and grass fodder income.
With the increase in population and changing socio-economic conditions, fuel, fodder, and timber are becoming more and more expensive and scarce.
The ability to smooth income, however, comes at the cost of increased on-farm labor; planting and using fodder for livestock requires more on-farm labor input.
Thus, there is a real potential for pro®table dairy production in peri-urban areas using home-grown fodder.
The improved status of forests reduces their costs of fodder collection and will cause them to raise more animals in equilibrium.
Fodder collections were 40 per cent greater than leaf biomass replacement and fuelwood collections were 20 per cent more than wood growth.
Keeping the camel company are some gazelle (ghazaal) munching alfafa (from al-calaf, meaning fodder).
There is even another category: column filler fodder.
Survival and growth of seedlings, manure application by far mers, and percentage of trees pruned for fodder, differed among species.
In these regions, an integrated croplivestock far ming system where far mers rely on crop residues to provide fodder for livestock is in operation.
However, legumes will only contribute directly to soil fertility if the residues are incorporated, and this conflicts with the use of legume residues as fodder.
The material was given in fodder troughs of sufficient size to allow all animals in the groups to feed at the same time.
The category 'no use' (no use for fuel wood, fodder, or grazing) accounted for a little less than a third of the sample.
The poorer participants that plant grasses typically grow fodders to feed the livestock.
In the snow of winter, for a few weeks, they need fodder.
Almost half say other villagers would at least 'probably' be unhappy or angry if they took too much fuelwood or fodder.
Even the more complex practices, such as fodder banks, were already in use, albeit on a small scale.
His household model incorporates household time devoted to fuelwood and fodder collection, agriculture, and off-farm wage labor.
The yearly cross-sectional results indicate that a higher fodder shadow price significantly reduces male farm labor input.
Despite the fact that there are many potential forest products, only firewood, tree and grass fodder, and leaf litter significantly contribute to the household economy.
In addition to its role as food, cowpea hay is an important fodder for livestock.
Power, soil fertility maintenance, fodder for farm animals, and household nutrition are the primary activities for which non-traded inputs are used in subsistence societies.
In addition to the net income derived from damwater, resources like fodder, fuelwood, bamboo, and fiber grasses could be collected as well from the forest.
Village 2 dummy is positive for all regressions, being significant for fodder and fuel wood regressions.
Further, a large difference in income from different forest products (fuel wood, grass and fodder, and leaf litter) by these income groups is also evident.
About 150 key plants are described in detail and illustrated: pastoral importance, fodder value, ethnobotany and economic uses are given for each species.
An improved strategy for the use of crop residues as fodder should be sought, since manure is effective for improving soil organic matter.
In addition, an estimate was made by farmers of the value of crop residues, based on local market prices for livestock fodder.
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