| 词汇 | example_english_first-language |
| 释义 | Examples of first languageThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. It may be a means to promote balanced bilingual development and to avoid firstlanguage loss. Human beings learn to speak (or sign) at least a firstlanguage without classroom instruction. Second language acquisition necessarily has different historical contingencies than firstlanguage acquisition, not the least of which is that the learner already knows a language. Other studies have found that the stress patterns of the firstlanguage may transfer into the second language. Results indicated that both groups (monolingual and bilingual) showed superior recall performance for words and nonwords in their firstlanguage. Firstlanguage attrition and the parameter setting model. For instance, we have already suggested that the firstlanguage pattern may be initially imported into the second language. First, the issue of language is a sensitive one and is of concern in firstlanguage and most certainly in second language research. There are always situations in which people will prefer the texts to be in their firstlanguage. This brings up another point - the impact of the firstlanguage on swearword orientation in the second. Codeswitched items will occur at relatively unpredictable points in discourse, but then only surface again, in relatively predictable situations, in firstlanguage discourse. Language attrition, whether in a firstlanguage or a second, is increasingly recognized as a normal part of changes in proficiency over time. From it, researchers will gain a clear understanding of the importance of the parser in firstlanguage development. Establishing scientific methods for the study of firstlanguage acquisition. This is not an exclusive criticism to firstlanguage research. Linguistic generalizations, which are here largely theory-neutral, are claimed to be motivated by psycholinguistic evidence, from firstlanguage acquisition in particular. However, since the firstlanguage is inevitably going to be used in learning the second, investigation of its role in the classroom is necessary. One strand of research has sought to identify relationships between biographical variables such as firstlanguage background and educational experiences with learning strategy preferences. The experiment that motivates this study examines the role that extensive exposure to the second language has on sentence parsing in the bilingual's firstlanguage. Generation of and retraction from crosslinguistically motivated structures in bilingual firstlanguage acquisition. Second language acquisition and firstlanguage loss in adult early bilinguals: exploring some differences and similarities. Results showed that the firstlanguage of both the students and their teachers made a significant difference in how teachers were judged. When words are borrowed, they undergo certain morphological and semantic changes, which can be largely attributed to the influence of the speakers' firstlanguage. In the development of intentions in the firstlanguage, formats are frequently recurring day-to-day activities, such as feeding, diaper changing, going to bed. Only by keeping in mind the firstlanguage of these speakers does a pattern of usage emerge. This firstlanguage superiority was larger in the monolingual group. The author concludes that pronunciation teaching should take the lear ner's firstlanguage into consideration. The child s acquisition of a firstlanguage is a case in point here. Predicting foreign language word learning from firstlanguage phonological abilities. During your career, how has the use of the firstlanguage in the classroom changed? The third and last subsection of 3.3 summarizes the proposal and makes predictions holding both for monolingual and bilingual firstlanguage acquisition. In other words, their bilingual participants found it more difficult to switch to their more-proficient firstlanguage than their second language. Producing words in a foreign language: can speakers prevent interference from their firstlanguage? However, other differences, whether these are long-lasting or short-term, are likely to reflect the precise properties of the firstlanguage. How do learners of a firstlanguage acquire conceptual knowledge and how does this relate to components of linguistic representations such as syntax and semantics? A contemporary model of second language reading must, in the first place, acknowledge the significant contribution of firstlanguage reading ability to second language comprehension. Depends on gestures in expressing meaning and may also switch to firstlanguage at times. The patterns of firstlanguage attrition among typically developing children may not approximate an earlier developmental level. That is, bilinguals experienced withinlanguage competition in both their firstlanguage and their second language during within-language competition trials and simultaneous competition trials. We do have it in us : empirical studies of firstlanguage syntax. Elicited imitation : second language and firstlanguage applications. Several of the contributions discuss areas outside firstlanguage development, but relate to it in various ways. The last chapter dealing with firstlanguage acquisition presents data from children with phonological disorders. It is thus expected that the results and conclusions should hold generally for firstlanguage acquisition. Their responses were analysed according to firstlanguage g roups and proficiency levels. This article examines the existing literature with respect to both approaches for firstlanguage instruction at the word, text and sentence level. This method begins by introducing noun phrases that contain relative clauses, before comparing them with similar structures in the learner's firstlanguage. Switching to firstlanguage among writers with differing second-language proficiency. Processing a firstlanguage : the acquisition of morphophonology. In this paper we focus on the role of input and parental strategies in bilingual firstlanguage acquisition. This is an example of theory in firstlanguage education being transferred, often uncritically, to foreign language education. Effects of learning a second language on firstlanguage literacy. Linguistic flows differ depending on whether they are firstlanguage flows or foreign language ones. It is natural for learners to use the firstlanguage, when there are others who speak it. Exploring the effects of firstlanguage influence on second language pragmatic processes from a syntactic deficit perspective. This means that external factors, independent of all inheritance, either genetic or cultural, will sometimes determine an individual's firstlanguage. When g is a firstlanguage more emotional? The results are discussed in terms of the effect of the phonological status of firstlanguage phonetic features and age of acquisition. The evidence provided by these studies also dismissed concerns that learners' firstlanguage would interfere with the learning of a second. In these experiments, participants named the pictures in their firstlanguage while hearing first-language distractor words. Ironically, the firstlanguage reformer turned out to be the most specific. Their data show that bilingual speakers cannot suppress activation of their firstlanguage while naming pictures in a foreign language. How adult second language learning differs from child firstlanguage development. Generation of and retraction from cross-linguistically motivated structures o in bilingual firstlanguage acquisition. Bilingual studies and perceptual training on adult listeners vividly illustrate the profound effects of firstlanguage interference in speech perception. This spreading chain reaction will affect the overall ability to use the firstlanguage. A considerable body of research has also shown that information specific to the second language produces linguistic modifications in the firstlanguage. It is a theoretically interesting idea that an immature stage of firstlanguage acquisition could under certain circumstances become an adult norm. Conversely, would second language acquisition have an impact on the neural representation of the firstlanguage? Movement is the child's firstlanguage and means of expression and it learns stillness as the most advanced form of movement. It is often very apparent that authors are not writing in their firstlanguage. Readers whose firstlanguage literacy level was known or measured had to be observed and measured reading the same text type in two languages. The acquisition of literacy has been neglected by many researchers in firstlanguage acquisition, not least by the nativists. Research on firstlanguage acquisition has shown that children as young as two are able to repair their utterances at an adult's request. Not only do most original psycholinguistic experiments reported in this book not pertain to first language acquisition they also do not seem to be convincing. However, the literature on this topic rarely addresses the needs of students writing in their first language, or writing about practice-based research for scholarly readers. Language teaching language classroom: target language or the learners' firstlanguage? Some argue this is because such skills transfer naturally from firstlanguage use. To some, the firstlanguage is the one that they know and work(ed) with. Her broad research interests include firstlanguage acquisition, second language learning and teaching, bilingualism, and language testing and assessment. This offers the reader a nuanced picture with regard to the rhythm, path, and determinants in firstlanguage acquisition. The underlying concern is to account for the effect that the multifunctionality of linguistic devices has on firstlanguage development. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。