| 词汇 | example_english_federal |
| 释义 | Examples of federalThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Beyond these areas, federal jurisdiction seemed too limited to test. The law required that all employers, beginning in 1936, pay a 3 percent tax on salaries and wages to the federal government. To achieve this goal, the committee stressed that the federal government would have to assume much greater responsibility in the protection of civil rights. The purpose of listing the causes of faction now is to show why the federal system is superior to the state systems. Why was this agency, the largest and most expensive regulatory agency in the federal government, created? Localism, the replication of local communities in the states, spelled obvious trouble for a federal power. The scope of discovery in the federal courts is broad and requires nearly total mutual disclosure of each party's evidence prior to trial. Not until the mid-1970s did public officials devote federal resources to publicizing obesity's danger, a development described in more detail below. Do you think the federal government currently spends enough, too much, or too little on data collection? The political environment has a direct effect on farm economics through federal farm programs. Reimbursement is considered by a federal multidisciplinary committee, but final decisions are made by the government itself. The idea of subsidizing "social insurance" through the federal budget was considered inadequate. Until now, no legal framework exists for systematic breast cancer screening on the federal or regional level. Update of federal activities regarding the use of pneumococcal vaccine. A provision in the federal law provided an out to states seeking to avoid compliance. Recognizing the federal courts' entrenched economic conservatism, facing the first opportunity 31. There were different levels of federal, state, and local funding in each place. In addition, there might also have been contextual conditions that furthered civic changes, including the new federal policies stressed by civic reorganization theorists. The federal system would demand the obedience of its subjects owing to its good behavior. By 1921, over 80 percent of the federal civilian work force was covered and protected by a national merit system. The purpose of both provisions was to restrict federal power to the national sphere while excluding state encroachment on that sphere. Coordination with the federal authorities is furthermore hampered by the fact that the two main regions seem to take divergent options in health policy. The federal government is empowered to act on several important health issues, to finance programs, and to authorize sanctions against illegal activities in several fields. Once clerical and routine in its work, the federal public service saw increasing demand for specialists. The subsidy may therefore be an inefficient means of compensating federal employees. The federal government has negotiated a variety of arrangements with its constituent units regarding royalty- and profit-sharing from the exploitation of such resources. In recent years, the federal government has often announced thorough "structural" reforms of the healthcare system (cf., infra) to deal with financial problems. The decision by federal authorities to place responsibility for implementation in the hands of the state governments was, arguably, a wise one. A few interviewers did obtain other research positions; one has been employed quite consistently as an interviewer with a federal government agency. The second dynamic - the politics of discretion - is generated by relationships between the branches of the federal government. No federal law mandates the appropriate organizational form for different types of government activity. Merchants and manufacturers desired a federal bankruptcy law because three features of state collection laws made collecting on bad debts difficult. Nonetheless, left-wing parties still have fewer members than right wing parties in federal, state, and municipal legislative branches. The new law changed the underlying premise regarding eligibility for federal work requirements. At least one activist suggested that environmental groups also bore some responsibility for the federal government's failure to follow through with the national park idea. While he does not identify specific legislation by name, he was almost certainly warning against recently enacted federal laws. Over 80% of the students qualified for the school free-lunch program under the federal guidelines. An evidence-based assessment of federal guidelines for overweight and obesity as they apply to elderly persons. All would provide federal financial assistance to the uninsured (based on income) to make the cost of care less expensive. Federal assistance increases to $7.85 per month if states provide $3.50 per month. Political control was exercised through informal relations at the chief executive level and via attempts to control the federal government's financial flows. Firstly, there has been an increase in the amount of power and control exerted by the federal gover nment. Federal functionaries and party cadres are also involved in shaping regional politics, not on an ad hoc basis, but on a permanent one. Instead, principal responsibility was given to state governments, with the federal government functioning in an advisory capacity. They called for an investigation of the legality of advertising over a wavelength granted by federal franchise. The goal was simple: to scale back the scope of the federal government fundamentally. We also control for the effective number of political parties, for whether the party is presidential or parliamentary, and whether it is federal or unitary. Others think that these matters are not the responsibility of the federal government and that people should take care of these things themselves. All the major federal parties supported the prolongation of the flat rate tax. Many of the states are not waiting until the issue is resolved at the federal level and are developing their own approaches. Although the federal minimum wage floor of $5.15 an hour applies to almost all workers, individual states may set a higher hourly minimum. To start with, the nation's anti-government culture influenced both politicians and citizens to resist any significant expansion of federal government. Since constitutional reform was impossible, the government attempted the use of emergency powers and federal intervention to expand its capacity of action. The federal constitution was the outcome of an implicit pact of mutual protection between the central government and regional elites. Thus, the federal executive was prevented from securing favourable political conditions in several key states before the election took place. Primary education's share of total federal government spending on education reached its apex just before the 1986 elections for the constituent assembly. Though the federal government is not obligated to fund primary education, with democratisation the federal government simply could not resist. Nonetheless, he identifies federal elements operating on two levels. Their disagreements contributed to the impasse over budget policy in 1995 and the infamous partial federal government shutdown. Fiscal conservatism by the 1960s involved support of a federal government that used moderate tax reductions, even though this resulted in occasional deficits. The total cost was $23.4 billion of which the federal government paid just over half and the state governments the remainder. Thus, federal systems should have greater problems achieving good outcomes compared with more spatially political systems. The intertemporal budget constraint on the evolution of total wealth contains a detailed description of the impact of federal tax treatment and employer matching. They also make a case for income guarantee crop insurance programs and federal cost-share programs that could help farmers' transition to lower chemical use. Between 1970 and 1974 all three federal governments introduced major federal environmental legislation and established new federal regulatory institutions. First, by offering federal responses to these issues of great public concern, the federal government may gain popular support. They recognize that public support strengthens the moorings of federal institutions and gives them additional leverage in interactions with other levels of government. However, even in such cases, lax states are likely to support federal involvement in at least some areas of regulatory policy-making, such as product regulation. Federal officials said employers were withdrawing from the fund faster, increasing the burden on those that remained. Other cases may be brought before an increasingly conservative federal judiciary. However, language management practices remain decentralized, with the exception of civil rights-driven programs that ensure access to education and federal services for all. The case was thrown out by federal court. Tigray is a case where there appears to have been considerable reorientation of federal policies. Power struggles between the federal and state governments were also being played out within the framework of factional politics. The federal debt increased 3 1 times or 4 from 7% of initial private net worth to about 30%. The regression analysis below tests whether federal and unitary systems have different degrees of malapportionment. Local politicians use their bargaining power to produce favourable decisions from central, federal or state governments. Between 1862 and 1872, the federal government spent millions of dollars and allotted over 100 million acres of land to railroad corporations. As the federal government's policy responsibilities have risen, the political capacity to manage its own affairs - especially fiscal affairs - has fallen. In 1945, the federal government was empowered to regulate maternity insurance as well as family allowances. Secondly, several institutional veto points enabled cantons and interest groups to influence federal policies. In the meantime, together with the cantons, the federal government has introduced a model decree for isolation prescriptions. Therefore, a division of competences persists in which the federal government is primarily responsible for policy-making, while state governments are primarily responsible for policy implementation. The prospect of increased administrative costs and political conflict with state governments prevents the federal government from totally usurping implementation authority. The federals will catch us, wherever we go. As a senator in the 1850s, he helped legislate a national federal improvements program of railways, canals, highways, and ships. An essential function of these bodies is establishing public-private coalitions to maximize grantees' ability to leverage their federal investment. When a budget surplus occurs, the federal government can use excess funds to reduce the debt held by the public. Conversely, for programs with fixed funds, any waste of federal funds translates into serving fewer recipients or accomplishing less programmatically than could be expected. A federal employment training program can report on the number of participants. In the same way, federal financial management reform has recently gained momentum through the committed support of top federal leaders. Deficiencies in federal information security are a growing concern. Eligible facilities were medical facilities included in the published federal government database, which indicated that there were 2,585 health facilities in the four states. In federal court, a formal motion to withdraw would have to be filed. Recent audit reports issued by us and by agency inspectors general show that most of the largest federal agencies have significant computer security weaknesses. Sustaining top leadership commitment to improvement is particularly challenging in the federal government because of the frequent turnover of senior agency political officials. More generally, one commenter said there should be a single regulatory portal for all federal rulemaking activity. Unfortunately, federal performance in this broader area has been largely inadequate. However, our survey of federal managers, conducted in late 1996 and 1997, indicates there is substantial room for improvement in this area. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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