| 词汇 | example_english_family-planning |
| 释义 | Examples of family planningThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Text-figure 5 shows the sources of familyplanning information for each of the four project study areas. Female respondents' approval of familyplanning was fairly uniform irrespective of the number of pregnancies. Forty-one per cent of the women were receiving their contraceptive supplies from a familyplanning clinic and 47 % from a general practitioner. Despite the great interest in familyplanning today, a gap exists between this interest and actual practice. When the husband provided familyplanning information the wife was less likely to select the pill as a method. These data were also compared to the familyplanning technique selected. A neighbour or another woman practising familyplanning is more likely to constitute a primary relationship. Successful familyplanning is defined by the participant in terms of her own goals and objectives. No consistent pattern was detected between the stated reason for interest in familyplanning and the method selected. This is perhaps a reflection of the resistance of older and more traditional woman to an innovation such as familyplanning. Women who work in the non-traditional sector are expected to be more exposed to modernizing influences, including the familyplanning programme. Every baby has a father, and today it usually seems that the father has received precious little education in familyplanning. The aim is to increase the demand for familyplanning and to expand services available in the health units. In addition, ethnicity, residence, husband living away from home and discussion of familyplanning with spouse were also strong predictors of knowledge and favourable attitudes. However, less than 5 % of the population surveyed admitted to practising familyplanning. We briefly indicate why we believe these categories are not as useful as ours for familyplanning cost analysis. This underscores our emphasis on imputed costs as a relevant and substantial cost in most familyplanning programs. Why are modern women drawn towards non-terminal methods of familyplanning and traditional women towards sterilization? The intensification of familyplanning activity in 1973 and in the years thereafter is quite apparent. Seven questions were designed to discover the attitude of those women who have, or have not, knowledge of familyplanning. Familyplanning may be part of a more general maternal and child-health or rural public health programme. A woman can take a pill in any circumstances, but she must go to a familyplanning clinic for an injection. An important area for education is that of familyplanning and the need for smaller, healthier families. Though the separation is imperfect, a number of implications useful for a familyplanning programme do emerge. This revolution in attitudes to familyplanning and in contraceptive practice has tended to narrow those social differentials formerly associated with variations in fertility. This study describes how home visits were used in an attempt to improve the effectiveness of a familyplanning service. Yet, over one-quarter of the women who visited familyplanning clinics selected the rhythm or other less reliable methods. In the early days of marriage, decided and consistent familyplanning was uncommon and the majority of pregnancies were 'unintended'. Other sources of information mentioned were familyplanning clinics and health food shops. All subjects volunteered to take part in a familyplanning attitudes project. Together with an experienced familyplanning trainer, she was counseling an ' at-risk ' client. Also, contrary to the expectations of those who design familyplanning programmes, contraceptors are most likely to be found amongst the young and the unmarried. Other measures which could play some role in reducing anaemia include control (and early treatment) of malaria, familyplanning, and nutrition education. In convincing the villagers that familyplanning is something they need, demographic arguments are not used. Practically all familyplanning services, educational programmes, research, and advertising seem to be directed at the women. Notably, ministry employees, somewhat less experienced in familyplanning than factory workers, were nevertheless much more likely to know a user. Some included requirements to help develop services for specific populations (eg, students, cardiovascular audit, women's health clinic, baby clinic and familyplanning). The scope of a post-partum familyplanning plan is thus severely limited. There has been a tendency in familyplanning circles to dismiss this type of contraceptive because of poor use effectiveness. Contrary to being a point in favour of denying services, emotional immaturity seems to be an indication for providing organized familyplanning services. It is rightly a feature of familyplanning as a discipline that they try to do so. Information on actual usage is crucial in familyplanning programmes because it shows how far women are consciously trying to control their fertility. Thus, in evaluating the impact of the familyplanning programmes, the total rates of fertility decline reflect the total rates of pregnancy decline. By adding to the log-jam of patients we are increasing the hidden costs of an inadequate familyplanning service. No respondents reported hearing about familyplanning from traditional practitioners or social and church organizations. One regional medical officer gave an interesting perspective on this sort of justification of familyplanning. The results indicate that, of all the variables considered, place of residence is the most important determinant of mass media exposure to familyplanning. How much money should a local authority spend on carrying out its role in familyplanning? In the recent past, while evaluating the demographic impact of familyplanning programmes, the importance of contraceptive prevalence has typically been stressed. Finally, the coefficient on distance from familyplanning clinic is also found to be positive and significant. Is promoting familyplanning policy just an integral part of keeping and enforcing the extant power structure? Every method of birth regulation, natural familyplanning included, involves a kind of disvalue or a negative component. Three-quarters of respondents reported hearing about familyplanning by word-of-mouth from friends and relatives. Their one-to-one or small group efforts have directly resulted in increases in the numbers of both men and women attending the familyplanning clinics. The sum ear-marked for familyplanning was approximately £14,500. The great majority seeking advice had done so from general practitioners while others, before or after pregnancy, had attended maternity welfare or familyplanning clinics. The introduction of oral contraceptives in 1964 immediately increased the numbers attending the familyplanning clinics. Certainly familyplanning can not be counted upon as the solution in all of these areas. The guide was checked for validity by a health practitioner who worked in the field of familyplanning. Because now they get the updates from the familyplanning association, given directly to their prescribing supervisor. However, access to them and exposure to familyplanning through them are still limited. Three-quarters (75%) had received specialized training in familyplanning. This result seems to be related to the exposure of women who work in the non-agricultural sector to modernizing influences, including the familyplanning programme. All these results indicate that exposure to mass media familyplanning messages is highly associated with access to the mass media. However, access to them and exposure to familyplanning through them are still limited, particularly for television. Assessing the role of familyplanning in reducing maternal mortality. Will public and private attitudes towards familyplanning change? Fifty years of familyplanning should have formed a sound base on which to build. Thus, support for familyplanning has never been an electoral asset, though it may become so. This age distribution might be expected in view of the number of children borne before a decision was made to accept a familyplanning method. The importance of motivational factors and the implications for the evaluation of familyplanning programmes are a major concern of this report. The fact that men think of themselves as being appropriate candidates for familyplanning information is evidence that they feel involved in these decisions. Complaints of the ineffectiveness of this method as regards familyplanning are also quite common. This is probably a function of strong female bias in the predominantly clinical familyplanning programmes. But there are several fundamental differences between the typical business firm and familyplanning programs. In this paper we have discussed the scanty existing literature dealing with the costs of familyplanning programs. Large elements of costs have been omitted completely from cost statistics on familyplanning programs. We believe the methodology developed here should be useful to others in analysing the costs of familyplanning programs in the future. This is probably typical of familyplanning programs as they evolve over time. One issue of interest for familyplanning programmes concerns the proportion of women remaining unprotected from an unwanted pregnancy. The experience of regret by women who had accepted sterilization has implications for the quality of services provided by familyplanning programmes. Moreover, given their source of financial support, familyplanning programs are expected to be long-term programs and in the long-run all costs are variable. Specialized familyplanning clinics were not a popular location for any group, particularly for married women with unwanted births. Only 4-1 % of the acceptors were previously using another method of familyplanning. Familyplanning services are still in the developmental stage. Western medicine brings health but contact with culture often results in the rejection of traditional familyplanning methods. Three of these conditions form the basis for the development of familyplanning in any country. Sometimes, provision of the contraceptives and the setting up of familyplanning clinics appear to be the starting and the end point of interest. The potential gain from bonus-augmented familyplanning programmes, and the justifiable bonus per acceptor, also depends in part on the cost of providing contraceptive services. A retrospective analysis shows that familyplanning in our country has passed through several developmental phases and is still in the process of development. Registration and examination clinics would be staffed with familyplanning advisors. The overall result is that these women find it very difficult to get familyplanning help and counselling. These notes arose because we wished to make significant analyses by social class in populations of women with differing marital status attending familyplanning clinics. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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